Fig. 1.
Main chromosomal and plasmid-mediated determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance and their mechanisms of action.
Fig. 2.
Types of plasmids associated with drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (according to Cehovin 2017).
Fig. 3.
Diagram of different groups of Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccine candidates that induce antibodies, according to Rice et al. (2017).
Table I
Research projects on gonorrhoea vaccines approved by National Institutes of Health USA (National Institutes of Health USA, 2024.)
| Project | Organization Project Leader(s) |
|---|---|
| The Gonorrhoea Vaccine Cooperative Research Center | HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED Ann E. Jerse |
| Proteomics-Driven Reverse Vaccinology for Gonorrhoea | OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Aleksandra E. Sikora |
| A Novel Sublingual Vaccine to Prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection | VIRTICI, LLC Neil A. Fanger, |
| STI Clinical Trials Group: Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate a Vaccine Candidate for Neisseria gonorrhoeae | UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM Edward Hook |
| Pre-clinical Vaccine Development for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases | NIAID EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES Wing Pui Kong |
| Starve and Kill: Engineered Antigens Targeting Nutrient Acquisition Pathways Essential for Gonococcal Infection and Disease | GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY Cynthia N. Cornelissen |
| Development of nucleic acid-based vaccines against gonorrhoea | UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER Lisa Ann Lewis, Li Li, Sanjay Ram |
| VesiVax Vaccine Formulation Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae | MOLECULAR EXPRESS, INC. Gary Fujii |
| A novel vaccine against multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea | UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCHOOL WORCESTER Sanjay Ram, Peter A. Rice |
| Production of a Gonococcal Vaccine for Countering Antimicrobial Resistance | UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Anthony B. Schryvers, Scott D Gray-Owen, Trevor F. Moraes |
| Novel vaccine antigens against N. gonorrhoeae | TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON Paola Massari |