Fig. 1.
Obesity treatment options_
| Non-pharmacological treatment of obesity | Pharmacological treatment of obesity |
|---|---|
| Reduction diet | GLP 1 analogs (liraglutyd, semaglutyd) |
| Physical activity | Bupropion and naltrexone |
| Bariatric surgery | Orlistat |
| Phentermine |
Current research regarding the use of probiotics in body mass reduction
| Current research regarding the use of probiotics in body mass reduction | |
|---|---|
| Bifidobacterium infantis, L. acidofilusH | (Chang et al. 2011) |
| L. acidophilus in combination with L. casei and BifidobacteriumH | (Hadi et al. 2019) |
| Akkermansia muciniphilaH | (Depommier et al. 2019) |
| L. curvatus HY7601, L. plantarum KY1032H | (Jung et al. 2015) |
| Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 | (Zhao et al. 2012)M |
| L. casei, L. gasseri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarumM | (Ejtahed et al. 2019) |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were given in combination with isoflavonesM | (Ali et al. 2004) |
Examples of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affecting the body mass alteration_
| Species of bacteria FIRMICUTES (examples) | Species of bacteria BACTEROIDETES (examples) |
|---|---|
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Bacteroides fragilis |
| Clostridium spp. | Bacteroides vulgaris |
| Roseburia intestinalis | Bacteroides uniformis |
| Blautia obeum | Prevotella spp. |
| Lactobacillus reuteri | Alistipes finegoldii |
| Enterococcus faecium | Parabacteroides distasonis |
| Staphylococcus leei |
Bacteria promoting obesity and normal Body mass_
| Gut microbiota corresponding with obesity/overweight | Ref | Gut microbiota in normal BMI | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased | (Turnbaugh et al. 2006) | Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila reduced body weight | (Depommier etal. 2019) |
| Lower level of two species from the family Rikenellaceae, Alistipes finegoldii and Alistipes senegalensis | (Zhernakova et al. 2016) | Increased levels of Bifidobacterium animals, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum | (Million et al. 2012) |
| Reduced level of Methanobrevibacter smithii | (Million et al. 2012) | Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium showed results in reducing body weight | (Álvarez-Arraño et al. 2021) |
| Higher levels of Lactobacillus reuteri | (Million etal. 2012) | Bifidobacterium infantis, L. acidofilus reducing body weight | (Chang et al. 2011) |
Summary of effects of probiotics on body weight
| Source | No. of subjects | Study subject | Duration | Bacteria | Delta weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Depommier et al. (2019) | 32 | Human | 3 months | Akkermansia muciniphila | –2,27 kg +/– 0,92 kg |
| 2. Jung et al. (2015) | 120 | Human | 12 weeks | Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601, Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 | –0,65 kg +/– 0,23 kg |
| 3. Andersson et al. (2010) | 20 | Mice | 20 weeks | Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 | +21,5 g +/– 1,1 g |
| 4. Chang et al. (2011) | 101 | Human | 8 weeks | mixture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and extra-ingredients containing Bifidobacterium breve (CBG-C2), Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 | –0,24 kg +/– 1,5 kg |
| 5. Yin et al. (2010) | 48 | Rats | 6 weeks | Bifidobasteria M13 –4 | +51,72 g |
| 6. Hadi et al. (2019) | 60 | Human | 8 weeks | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum + inulina | –4,01 +/– 4,05 kg |