References
- Constitution of the Republic of Albania, adopted in 1998, as amended.
- Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania, amended by Law No. 23/2012.
- Law No. 9669/2006, “On measures against violence in domestic relations”, as amended.
- Law No. 9970/2008, “On gender equality in society”.
- Law No. 10221/2010, “On Protection from Discrimination”.
- International instruments
- Council of Europe Convention “On preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence” (Istanbul Convention), ratified by Albania in 2012.
- Council of Europe. (1950). European Convention on Human Rights. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
- United Nations. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). New York: UN.(ratified by Albania in 1993).
- Council of Europe. (2011). Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
- United Nations. (1966a). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York: UN.ratified by Albania in 1991.
- United Nations. (1966b). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York: UN., ratified by Albania in 1991.
- Judiciary
- European Court of Human Rights, Opuz v. Turkey, judgment of 9 June 2009.
- European Court of Human Rights, Xh. v. Albania, decision of 2018.
- Shkodra Judicial District Court, criminal decision no. 256, June 2012 (case of murder of wife by rapist).
- Elbasan Judicial District Court, criminal decision no. 489, August 2019 (wife murder case). Reports and studies
- People’s Advocate, Annual Report on Domestic Violence in Albania, Tirana, 2013.
- OSCE. (2020). Report on the implementation of the law on domestic violence in Albania.
- UN Women, Study on Violence Against Women in Albania, Tirana, 2022.
- UNDP Albania, Report on the perception of gender-based violence, Tirana, 2019.
- Amnesty International, Albania Report, 2024.
- BIRN, No Way Out: Support Shortfall Forces Albanian Abuse Victims Back to Abusers, May 2024.
- Albanian Post, Report on femicide in Albania, 2024.
- Albinfo.ch, Domestic violence in Albania: 5064 cases handled, 2334 in the prosecution, 699 arrested, 2023.
- UNDP. (2022).Commentary on the Law on Measures against Violence in Family Relations. https://ëëëë.undp.org/albania
- GREVIO. (2024).Report on Albania on the implementation of the Istanbul Convention. https://www.coe.int
- European Court of Human Rights. (2009).Opuz v. Turkey, Application no. 33401/02. Council of Europe. (2011).Istanbul Convention on the Prevention of Violence against Women.
- UN Women. (2022).Study on violence against women in Albania.
- Amnesty International. (2024).Report on Albania.
- CEDAW Committee. (2021).Recommendations for Albania on gender-based violence.
- Albanian media. (2019). Various reports on the Elbasan event.
- AlbanianPost.com, ‘24 cases of femicide in 2024’, April 2025.