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The Role of Glomerular and Serum Expression of Lymphocyte Activating Factors BAFF and APRIL in Patient with Membranous and IgA Nephropathies Cover

The Role of Glomerular and Serum Expression of Lymphocyte Activating Factors BAFF and APRIL in Patient with Membranous and IgA Nephropathies

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Volume 73 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)
By: Barbara Moszczuk,  Krzysztof Mucha,  Róża Kucharczyk and  Radosław Zagożdżon  
Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

The overall view on the roles of BAFF and APRIL in B lymphocyte life-cycle. APRIL, A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand; BAFF, B-cell-activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; BCR, B-cell receptor; TACI, Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor.
The overall view on the roles of BAFF and APRIL in B lymphocyte life-cycle. APRIL, A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand; BAFF, B-cell-activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; BCR, B-cell receptor; TACI, Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor.

Fig 2.

The expression of B-cell activation receptors and molecules reported in various studies. Underlined data come from mRNA analysis. *Identified both by mRNA and immunohistochemistry analysis (Zheng et al. 2015; Han et al. 2018; Cao et al. 2020; Forero-Delgadillo et al. 2022; Marín-Rosales et al. 2022). Both immunohistochemistry staining and mRNA expression were used in independent research, which probably influence incoherent results. APRIL, A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand; BAFF, B-cell-activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; TACI, Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor.
The expression of B-cell activation receptors and molecules reported in various studies. Underlined data come from mRNA analysis. *Identified both by mRNA and immunohistochemistry analysis (Zheng et al. 2015; Han et al. 2018; Cao et al. 2020; Forero-Delgadillo et al. 2022; Marín-Rosales et al. 2022). Both immunohistochemistry staining and mRNA expression were used in independent research, which probably influence incoherent results. APRIL, A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand; BAFF, B-cell-activating factor; BAFF-R, BAFF receptor; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; TACI, Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor.

Biological agents targeting BAFF and APRIL

NameTargetMode of actionPotential applicationResearch phaseReferences
BelimumabSoluble BAFFMonoclonal antibodyApproved in SLE, trials in PLA2R + MNPhase 2 NCT03949855Huang et al. (2022)
BlisibimodSoluble BAFFPeptibodySLENo ongoing trialsChan et al. (2023)
TabalumabSoluble and membrane-bound BAFFHuman monoclonal antibodySLENo ongoing trialsChan et al. (2023)
IanalumabBAFF-R on B cellsMonoclonal antibodySS, SLE

  • Phase 3 in SLE:

  • NCT06711887

  • NCT06133972

  • Phase 3 in SS:

  • NCT05985915

Bowman et al. (2022)
AtaciceptBAFF and APRILFusion protein (TACI receptor + Ig fragment)SLE, IgAN

  • Phase 3 in IgA:

  • NCT04716231

  • Phase 2 in IgA:

  • NCT06674577

Lafayette et al. (2024)
TelitaciceptBAFF and APRILFusion protein TACI-FcIgAN, MN SLE

  • Phase 2 in MN:

  • NCT06614985

  • Phase 3 in SLE:

  • NCT06456567

Cai et al. (2023) and Zhang et al. (2023)
SibeprenlimabAPRILHumanized IgG2 monoclonal antibodyIgAN

  • Phase 2 in IgA:

  • NCT06740526

Mathur et al. (2024)
BION-1301 (Zigakibart)APRILMonoclonal antibodyIgAN

  • Phase 3 in IgA:

  • NCT06858319

  • NCT05852938

Barratt et al. (2023)

Recruiting trials involving BAFF-CAR-T cells in autoimmune conditions

Trial and CAR-T typeConditionLocationTrial number
Phase I/II open-label, interventional single-arm trial of MB-CART19.1Refractory SLEGermanyNCT06189157
Phase I/II, interventional, 4SCAR-TAutoimmune diseasesChinaNCT05459870
Early Phase I, interventional, CD19-BAFF CAR-TSLE, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, immune nephritis, neuromyelitis opticaChinaNCT06279923
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aite-2025-0018 | Journal eISSN: 1661-4917
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Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 31, 2024
Accepted on: Apr 15, 2025
Published on: Jun 5, 2025
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
APRIL,
autoimmunity,
BAFF,
glomerulonephritis,
IgA nephropathy,
membranous nephropathy
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Biochemistry,
Immunology,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other,
Clinical chemistry

© 2025 Barbara Moszczuk, Krzysztof Mucha, Róża Kucharczyk, Radosław Zagożdżon, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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