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The Healthcare Study Examines the Humoral Anti-S1 Antibody Response Following mRNA Vaccination, Comparing Individuals with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Volume 72 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)
By:
Open Access
|Aug 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Study design schema. COVID-19, coronavirus disease in 2019; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Study design schema. COVID-19, coronavirus disease in 2019; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Fig 2.

Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against NP produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARS- Cov-2.
Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against NP produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARS- Cov-2.

Fig 3.

Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against S1 protein produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARSCov-2.
Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against S1 protein produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARSCov-2.

Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against NP produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARS-Cov-2_

IgA
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

Infection17

  • 4.6

  • 0.4–30.7

  • 7.4

  • 4.8

  • 1.8

  • 1.1

40

  • 2.9

  • 0.3–28.9

  • 4.8

  • 2.7

  • 1.4

  • 0.8

101

  • 2.4

  • 0.1–39.7

  • 4.0

  • 2.3

  • 1.2

  • 0.8

15

  • 2.1

  • 0.2–15.8

  • 2.3

  • 2.5

  • 1.4

  • 0.8

No infection13

  • 1.3

  • 0.3–8.7

  • 2.2

  • 1.1

  • 0.7

  • 0.5

62

  • 2.0

  • 0.2–36.0

  • 4.6

  • 1.4

  • 0.9

  • 0.6

221

  • 1.5

  • 0.0–33.1

  • 2.7

  • 1.3

  • 0.8

  • 0.6

40

  • 2.9

  • 0.3–43.1

  • 7.5

  • 1.5

  • 0.9

  • 0.6

IgM
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

Infection17

  • 4.2

  • 0.6–28.5

  • 6.4

  • 3.5

  • 2.6

  • 1.7

40

  • 3.9

  • 0.4–17.4

  • 3.5

  • 4.8

  • 2.8

  • 1.7

101

  • 4.8

  • 0.2–36.2

  • 5.2

  • 6.5

  • 7.8

  • 1.6

15

  • 5.3

  • 0.6–47.2

  • 8.0

  • 5.3

  • 2.3

  • 1.3

No infection13

  • 2.9

  • 0.7–5.8

  • 1.6

  • 3.8

  • 3.3

  • 1.7

62

  • 2.5

  • 0.4–6.6

  • 1.4

  • 3.4

  • 2.2

  • 1.6

221

  • 2.4

  • 0.1–7.9

  • 1.5

  • 3.2

  • 2.0

  • 1.3

40

  • 2.4

  • 0.0–7.4

  • 1.6

  • 3.4

  • 2.0

  • 1.1

IgG
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

Infection17

  • 20.6

  • 0.4–54.0

  • 16.3

  • 27.9

  • 16.7

  • 8.4

40

  • 27.4

  • 0.3–175.9

  • 40.6

  • 28.8

  • 12.4

  • 8.3

101

  • 16.6

  • 0.3–168.7

  • 23.7

  • 18.0

  • 9.5

  • 4.0

15

  • 24.8

  • 1.1–462.7

  • 74.5

  • 10.7

  • 4.6

  • 2.5

No infection13

  • 2.3

  • 0.6–7.6

  • 2.3

  • 1.8

  • 1.4

  • 1.1

62

  • 1.9

  • 0.5–7.2

  • 1.5

  • 2.2

  • 1.4

  • 1.1

221

  • 2.0

  • 0.4–8.2

  • 1.5

  • 2.4

  • 1.4

  • 1.0

40

  • 1.9

  • 0.3–5.0

  • 1.1

  • 2.2

  • 1.9

  • 1.4

Characteristics of the study samples

GroupsInfectionNo infection
Pre vaccination samples
N1713
Age (years), mean (SD)42.1 (10)43.7 (13)
Race %White 100%White 100%
Gender M/F2/152/11
1 Vaccination samples
N4062
Age (years), mean (SD)45.8 (10)42.3 (11)
Race %White 100%White 100%
Gender M/F5/355/57
2 Vaccination samples
N101221
Age (years), mean (SD)48.9 (11)45.6 (11)
Race %White 100%White 100%
Gender M/F16/8529/192
3 Vaccination samples
N1540
Age (years), mean (SD)44.4 (12)42.3 (12)
Race %White 100%White 100%
Gender M/F3/129/31

Changes of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies levels against S1 protein produced post vaccination according to prior infection of SARS- Cov-2_

IgA
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNoNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

Infection17

  • 6.5

  • 0.4–28.1

  • 7.6

  • 5.5

  • 3.6

  • 2.6

40

  • 28.0

  • 0.8–103.5

  • 23.7

  • 37.9

  • 19.6

  • 12.0

101

  • 35.8

  • 1.0–165.9

  • 32.4

  • 43.9

  • 24.7

  • 14.9

15

  • 42.1

  • 2.4–169.5

  • 43.1

  • 45.1

  • 33.9

  • 19.5

No infection13

  • 0.9

  • 0.2–2.8

  • 0.9

  • 1.0

  • 0.5

  • 0.3

62

  • 11.7

  • 1.0–88.4

  • 13.7

  • 12.8

  • 7.8

  • 4.6

221

  • 27.3

  • 1.8–262.4

  • 28.7

  • 31.0

  • 19.9

  • 12.5

40

  • 31.5

  • 1.9–155.1

  • 31.6

  • 40.0

  • 18.6

  • 11.4

IgM
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

Infection17

  • 5.2

  • 0.6–19.2

  • 6.0

  • 7.2

  • 1.8

  • 1.2

40

  • 8.8

  • 0.5–29.3

  • 7.4

  • 13.1

  • 7.7

  • 2.4

101

  • 6.7

  • 0.1–116.1

  • 10.0

  • 8.3

  • 3.9

  • 2.0

15

  • 2.6

  • 0.2–13.4

  • 3.3

  • 3.3

  • 1.4

  • 0.7

No infection13

  • 1.0

  • 0.2–4.3

  • 1.1

  • 1.0

  • 0.7

  • 0.5

62

  • 6.3

  • 0.3–25.3

  • 5.7

  • 7.8

  • 4.0

  • 2.1

221

  • 9.4

  • 0.0–105.6

  • 12.8

  • 11.2

  • 4.9

  • 2.1

40

  • 1.9

  • 0.1–20.5

  • 3.4

  • 1.7

  • 1.0

  • 0.6

IgG
Before vaccineAfter first vaccineAfter second vaccineAfter third vaccine
GroupNo

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

No

  • Mean value

  • Min–Max

  • ±SD

  • U/mL

  • Q3

  • Median

  • Q1

Infection17

  • 88.3

  • 0.0–456.6

  • 113.5

  • 87.1

  • 62.2

  • 21.3

40

  • 1696.2

  • 23.9–7281.4

  • 1361.4

  • 2368.2

  • 1498.5

  • 782.8

101

  • 1969.2

  • 124.8–6101.4

  • 1177.8

  • 2646.7

  • 1569.4

  • 1148.9

15

  • 650.1

  • 81.0–2698.3

  • 1152.1

  • 1521.0

  • 1064.5

  • 854.3

No infection13

  • 12.2

  • 0.0–88.8

  • 28.7

  • 3.9

  • 0.0

  • 0.0

62

  • 347.1

  • 30.9–2672.8

  • 411.8

  • 371.3

  • 267.3

  • 124.7

221

  • 2329.5

  • 123.4–7937.0

  • 1579.4

  • 3170.0

  • 1821.8

  • 1118.0

40

  • 1522.6

  • 349.6–5304.3

  • 1026.3

  • 1730.4

  • 1174.4

  • 880.3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aite-2024-0016 | Journal eISSN: 1661-4917
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Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 27, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 5, 2024
Published on: Aug 15, 2024
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2,
COVID-19,
S1 protein,
Vaccine,
Antibodies,
Immunoglobulins
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Biochemistry,
Immunology,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other,
Clinical chemistry

© 2024 Małgorzata Staruszkiewicz, Anna Pituch-Noworolska, Mohamad Skayne, Torsten Matthias, Szymon Skoczen, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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