Figure 1
Cell viability and LDH release following the treatment of U87 MG cells with TMZ (200 ng/mL) alone or in combination with EA (20, 40, 80, and 160 µg/mL) for 24 h and 72 h. The data are presented as means ± SD of 8 independent biological replicates. Within each replicate, five technical wells were averaged to obtain one value. a P=0.028; b P=0.019; c P=0.006; d P=0.004; e P=0.002; f P=0.0009; g P=0.029; h P=0.018; i P=0.004; j P=0.006; k P=0.0008 compared to control (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). EA – erucic acid; TMZ – temozolomide
Figure 2
Representative phase-contrast images showing morphological changes in U87 MG cells following treatment with TMZ (200 ng/mL) alone or in combination with EA (20, 40, 80, and 160 µg/mL) for 72 h. Images were acquired using a Nikon ELWD 20× objective (N.A. 0.3) with a 10× ocular lens, yielding a total magnification of 200×. EA – erucic acid; TMZ – temozolomide
Figure 3
TAC and TOS levels following the treatment of U87 MG cells with TMZ (200 ng/mL) alone or in combination with EA (20, 40, 80, and 160 µg/mL) for 24 h and 72 h. The data are presented as means ± SD of 8 independent biological replicates. Within each replicate, five technical measurements were averaged to obtain one value. a P=0.041; b P=0.014; c P=0.009; d P=0.004; e P=0.047; f P=0.028; g P=0.009; h P=0.006; i P=0.006; j P=0.004; k P=0.002; l P=0.0007; m P=0.008; n P=0.006; o P=0.002; p P=0.0009 compared to control (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). EA – erucic acid; TAC – total antioxidant capacity; TMZ – temozolomide; TOS – total oxidant status
Figure 4
Relative mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, caspase-3, p53, and p21 following the treatment of U87 MG cells with TMZ (200 ng/mL) alone or in combination with EA (20, 40, 80, and 160 µg/mL) for 24 h and 72 h. The data are presented as means ± SD of 3 independent biological replicates. Within each replicate, five technical measurements were averaged to obtain one value. aP=0.032; bP=0.028; cP=0.019; dP=0.008; eP=0.008; fP=0.004; gP=0.009; hP=0.006; iP=0.032; jP=0.006; kP=0.002; lP=0.032; mP=0.006; nP=0.002; oP=0.028; pP=0.019; qP=0.004 compared to control (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). EA – erucic acid; TMZ – temozolomide