Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Description and antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical bacterial isolates used in the study
| Species | Origin | Resistant to: | Susceptible to: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli DSM 498 | Laboratory microbank | - | AMC, TZP, CAZ, CAZ-AVI, CPM, MEM, IMI, AK, CN, CIP, FOF, COL |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | Laboratory microbank | - | AMC, AZI, CTX, E, ETP, IMI, P |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | Laboratory microbank | - | AmB, AFG, MFG, CAS, FLZ |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant) | Urine culture | AMP, AMC, CXM, SXT, NOR, CIP, LEV, CRO, CTX, TZP, CPM, ETP, MEM, IMI | COL, CAZ-AVI |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (extended spectrum beta-lactamase-resistant) | Faeces sample | AMP, AMC, CXM, SXT, CN, CAZ, CRO, CTX, TZP, CPM | AK, MEM |
| Acinetobacter baumannii (carbapenem-resistant) | Tracheal aspirate | CN, AK, TZP, MEM, IMI | AMS, COL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenem-resistant) | Haemoculture | MEM, IMI | AK |
| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) | Nasopharyngeal swab | CLOX, E, AZI, CLA, CLI, CIP, MOXI, LEV | SXT, CN, RD, VAN, TEC, LZD, MUP |
| Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) | Perianal swab | AMP, VAN, TEC | LZD |
Description and composition of disinfectant formulations used in the study
| Abbreviation | Active compound and its concentration | Recommended use |
|---|---|---|
| F1Alc | Ethanol 70 % | General disinfection |
| F2Alc | Ethanol 57 % and isopropyl alcohol 6 % | Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and non-invasive medical instruments |
| F3Alc | Isopropyl alcohol 70 % | Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and non-invasive medical instruments |
| F4Oxy | Hydrogen peroxide 15 g/L | Cleaning and disinfection of invasive and non-invasive medical devices |
| F5Oxy | Hydrogen peroxide 15 g/L and phenoxyethanol 5 g/L | Surface cleaning and disinfection |
| F6QAC | Isopropyl alcohol 17 %; didecyldimethylammonium chloride 2.3 g/L | Surface disinfection |
| F7QAC | Alkyldimethylbenzilammonium chloride 2.6 g/L; didecylmethyl ammonium chloride 2.6 g/L; alkylethylbenzilammonium chloride 2.6 g/L | Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and non-invasive medical instruments, including the ones sensitive to alcohol |
| F8CHX | Chlorhexidin gluconate 8 g/L in 80 % ethanol | Hand disinfection and hand preparation for surgery |