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Workplace risk assessment criteria for pregnant workers exposed to physical exertion and biological and chemical hazards Cover

Workplace risk assessment criteria for pregnant workers exposed to physical exertion and biological and chemical hazards

Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Risk level according to the Ordinance on the protection at work of workers exposed to static dynamic, psychophysiological and other strain at work (42) for lifting, holding, carrying, or pulling and pushing loads

Risk levelRisk score (RS) rangeRisk of physical exertionExplanation regarding physical overload
1<10lowPhysical overload is unlikely. No health risk is to be expected.
210–24*slightly increasedPhysical overload is possible for less resilient workers.* Workplace adjustment would be helpful for them.
325–50**substantially increasedPhysical overload is also possible for normally resilient workers. Workplace adjustment is advisable.
4>50**highPhysical overload is likely. Workplace adjustment is necessary

Seronegativity among women of reproductive age and the risk of foetal transmission if primary infection occurs (34,35,36,37,38)

PathogenEstimated seronegativity among women of reproductive ageRisk of foetal transmission if primary infection occurs
Cytomegalovirus40–70 %~30–40 % (severe sequelae in ~10 % cases)
Parvovirus B1935–50 %~30 % (associated with foetal hydrops)
Rubella virus<5 % in vaccinated populations; <10 % without vaccinationup to 90 % in early pregnancy
Varicella-zoster virus~5–10 % in developed countries~2 % if infection occurs before 20 weeks
Toxoplasma gondii40–60 %increases with gestational age (early infections cause more severe foetal damage)

Labelling elements for products/materials which can damage the unborn child (7)

PictogramHazard categoryHazard statement codesHazard statement text
Reproductive toxicity 1A,1BH360DMay damage the unborn child.
H360FDMay damage fertility. May damage the unborn child.
H360DfMay damage the unborn child. Suspected of damaging fertility.
H360FdMay damage fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
Reproductive toxicity 2H361dSuspected of damaging the unborn child.
H361fdSuspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2025-76-3996 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254
Language: English, Croatian, Slovenian
Page range: 138 - 147
Submitted on: May 1, 2025
Accepted on: Jun 1, 2025
Published on: Jun 30, 2025
Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2025 Tea Samardžić, Roko Žaja, Željka Babić, Jelena Macan, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.