Protective effects of chlorogenic acid against glyphosate-induced organ and blood toxicity in Wistar rats

Figures & Tables

Groups	Erythrocyte (U/gHb)	Brain (U/g protein)	Heart (U/g protein)	Liver (U/g protein)	Kidney (U/g protein)
Control	17.55±2.44^a	1.43±0.14^a	2.51±0.42^a	6.91±0.44^a	6.42±1.37^a
CGA50	17.61±2.19^a	1.51±0.47^a	2.65±0.27^a	7.14±0.95^a	6.74±1.81^a
GBH	6.13±1.04^c	0.48±0.13^b	1.39±0.32^b	1.09±0.12^d	0.80±0.27^c
CGA12.5+GBH	7.48±1.74^c	0.57±0.14^b	1.50±0.36^b	1.48±0.33^d	1.00±0.16^c
CGA25+GBH	12.65±2.61^b	1.02±0.22^ab	1.94±0.41^ab	2.47±0.32^c	1.54±0.22^bc
CGA50+GBH	16.72±2.73^a	1.47±0.18^a	2.55±0.42^a	4.01±0.42^b	2.53±0.57^b

Groups	Blood (nmol/mL)	Brain (nmol/g tissue)	Heart (nmol/g tissue)	Liver (nmol/g tissue)	Kidney (nmol/g tissue)
Control	5.66±0.27^d	2.63±0.07^c	4.43±0.51^b	4.83±0.43^c	4.41±0.26^c
CGA 50	5.72±0.27^d	2.55±0.15^c	4.49±0.21^b	4.70±0.48^c	4.35±0.23^c
GBH	20.25±0.95^a	6.17±0.43^a	6.70±1.30^a	9.43±1.20^a	9.92±0.70^a
CGA12.5+GBH	8.36±0.35^c	5.15±0.12^ab	6.13±1.10^ab	8.81±1.09^ba	8.77±0.79^ba
CGA25+GBH	6.10±0.69^b	4.34±0.24^b	5.08±0.90^b	7.06±0.97^b	6.54±0.57^b
CGA50+GBH	5.88±1.56^d	3.78±0.10^c	4.57±0.39^b	5.03±0.54^c	5.32±0.48^c

Tissue	Parameters	Control	CGA50	GBH	CGA12.5+GBH	CGA25+GBH	CGA50+GBH
Brain	Hyperaemia in the vessels neurons and focal	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.77±0.82^a	0.73±0.56^b	0.36±0.07^bc	0.18±0.05^bc
	Degenerative changes of gliosis	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	1.43±0.52^a	1.07±0.93^a	0.90±0.19^a	0.18±0.04^b
	Neuronal vacuolation	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.27±0.41^a	0.90±0.79^b	0.71±0.16^bc	0.36±0.06^c
Heart	Hyaline degeneration	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.76±0.53^a	1.06±0.93^b	0.55±0.10^bc	0.18±0.04^c
Heart	Focal haemorrhage	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.60±0.54^a	1.05±0.15^ab	0.55±0.20^bc	0.36±0.03^bc
Liver	Dilatation of sinusoids	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	1.26±0.40^a	1.05±0.15^a	0.55±0.10^ab	0.18±0.04^b
	Mononuclear cell infiltration in periportal areas	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	1.43±0.52^a	0.53±0.18^b	0.18±0.04^b	0.16±0.03^b
	Binucleated hepatocyte formations in periportal areas	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.93±0.41^a	0.88±0.13^b	0.70±0.18^bc	0.18±0.04^bc
Kidney	Hyaline cast formations within the lumens of the tubules	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.25±0.78^a	0.72±0.16^ab	0.36±0.12^bc	0.00±0.00^c
Kidney	Degenerative and necrobiotic alterations in the tubular epithelial cells	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	1.76±0.51^a	0.70±0.18^b	0.36±0.16^b	0.18±0.04^b

Groups	Erythrocyte (U/mgHb)	Brain (CAT/g protein)	Heart (CAT/g protein)	Liver (CAT/g protein)	Kidney (CAT/g protein)
Control	15.32±2.40^a	1.11±0.17^a	1.15±0.21^a	6.46±1.34^a	4.81±0.94^a
CGA50	13.51±2.08^a	1.19±0.16^a	1.22±0.23^a	6.78±1.52^a	4.97±1.02^a
GBH	3.18±1.04^c	0.41±0.19^c	0.59±0.12^b	0.95±0.23^c	0.81±0.43^d
CGA12.5+GBH	5.42±0.62^c	0.69±0.13^b	0.79±0.19^a	1.20±0.10^c	1.11±0.18^cd
CGA25+GBH	8.31±1.51^b	0.80±0.19^b	0.99±0.21^a	2.78±0.68^b	1.45±0.27^c
CGA50+GBH	8.84±2.73^b	1.05±0.22^a	1.04±0.24^a	3.75±0.63^b	3.02±0.94^b

Groups	Blood (nmol/mL)	Brain (nmol/g tissue)	Heart (nmol/g tissue)	Liver (nmol/g tissue)	Kidney (nmol/g tissue)
Control	34.30±3.12^a	4.88±0.34^a	4.43±0.16^a	6.76±0.35^a	6.63±0.54^a
CGA 50	33.12±1.87^a	4.95±0.42^a	4.50±0.32^a	6.82±0.61^a	6.72±0.38^a
GBH	19.00±1.53^d	3.89±0.21^b	3.83±0.19^b	4.12±0.19^c	4.33±0.26^c
CGA 12.5+GBH	28.67±1.35^c	4.00±0.53^b	4.07±0.41^b	4.54±0.48^bc	4.62±0.43^bc
CGA 25+GBH	30.55±1.64^b	4.20±0.58^ab	4.23±0.36^ab	5.84±0.62^b	5.97±0.62^b
CGA 50+GBH	32.14±2.05^a	4.83±0.71^a	4.38±0.22^a	6.67±0.34^a	6.48±0.46^a