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Morphine and codeine in racing horse feed: is there reason for concern? Cover

Morphine and codeine in racing horse feed: is there reason for concern?

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Volume 76 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
By: Irena Brčić Karačonji,  Tea Jelača,  Andreja Jurič and  Ana Lucić Vrdoljak  
Open Access
|Mar 2025
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Effect of different extraction conditions on the peak area. Citrate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH=4, V=10 mL) was used for extraction. Samples [dehydrated lucerne (sample 1) with a mass fraction of 327 ng/g codeine and 1510 ng/g morphine] were prepared in triplicate. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation

Figure 2

Total and selected ion chromatograms of a lucerne sample spiked with a standard to contain 400 ng/g of morphine and codeine. TMS–trimethylsilyl; 6-MAM–6-monoacetylmorphine, internal standard

Figure 3

Total and selected ion chromatograms of dehydrated lucerne (sample 1) with a mass fraction of 327 ng/g codeine and 1510 ng/g morphine. TMS–trimethylsilyl; 6-MAM–6-monoacetylmorphine, internal standard

Limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, and precision for determining the mass fraction of morphine and codeine in dehydrated lucerne samples (n=6)

Analyteω (ng/g)Precision (RSD %)Accuracy (%)Limit of detection (ng/g)Limit of quantification (ng/g)
Morphine1002.095.52273
8000.698.9
Codeine1003.996.22583
8001.199.7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2025-76-3888 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254
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Language: English, Croatian, Slovenian
Page range: 60 - 66
Submitted on: Dec 1, 2024
Accepted on: Mar 1, 2025
Published on: Mar 31, 2025
Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
antidoping,
GC-MS,
lucerne,
method development,
opiates
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Irena Brčić Karačonji, Tea Jelača, Andreja Jurič, Ana Lucić Vrdoljak, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 76 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
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