Sociodemographic information about healthcare workers at the Varaždinske Toplice hospital, Croatia
| Variable | Category | N | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Men | 21 | 23.3 |
| Women | 69 | 76.7 | |
| Age | <29 years | 24 | 26.7 |
| 30–39 years | 17 | 18.9 | |
| 40–49 years | 22 | 24.4 | |
| 50–59 years | 27 | 30.0 | |
| Education | Secondary education | 52 | 57.8 |
| Advanced specialist training | 27 | 30.0 | |
| University degree | 11 | 12.2 | |
| Marital status | Not married | 20 | 22.2 |
| Married | 60 | 66.7 | |
| Common-law marriage | 4 | 4.4 | |
| Separated/Divorced | 6 | 6.7 | |
| Widower/Widow | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Household members | Parents | 7 | 7.8 |
| Alone | 9 | 10.0 | |
| Spouse | 17 | 18.9 | |
| Spouse and child/children | 44 | 48.9 | |
| Spouse, child/children, child’s spouse and grandchild/grandchildren | 4 | 4.4 | |
| Other | 9 | 9.9 | |
| Residence area | Rural | 37 | 41.1 |
| Urban | 53 | 58.9 | |
| Current work position in the hospital | Nurse | 51 | 56.7 |
| Physiotherapist | 39 | 43.3 | |
| Total years of service (work experience) in healthcare | Up to 5 years | 17 | 18.9 |
| 6 to 10 years | 15 | 16.7 | |
| 11 to 20 years | 21 | 23.3 | |
| 21 to 30 years | 19 | 21.1 | |
| 31 years and more | 18 | 20.0 |
Regression analysis and ANOVA of the first and second hypothesis
| Hypothesis 1: The level of justice sensitivity from the beneficiary’s perspective, the level of justice sensitivity from the victim’s perspective, and the level of justice sensitivity from the observer’s perspective are statistically significantly related | Hypothesis accepted? (yes/no) | |
| Regression statistics | Yes | |
| Multiple R | 0.7268 | |
| R-squared | 0.5282 | |
| Standard error | 0.6111 | |
| Observations | 148 | |
| ANOVA | ||
| F | 163.4759 | |
| Significance F | 0.0000 | |
| Standard Error | 0.1714 | |
| Hypothesis H2: Gender structure, age structure, marital status, place of residence, and workplace are statistically significant predictors of the level of justice sensitivity | Hypothesis accepted? (yes/no) | |
| Regression Statistics | Yes | |
| Multiple R | 0.6227 | |
| R-squared | 0.3878 | |
| Standard error | 0.7122 | |
| Observations | 148 | |
| ANOVA | ||
| F | 92.4782 | |
| Significance F | 0.0000 | |
| Standard error | 0.1245 | |
Justice sensitivity scores among healthcare workers by perspective
| justice sensitivity score from the beneficiary’s perspective | justice sensitivity score from the victim’s perspective | justice sensitivity score from the observer’s perspective | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Valid answers | 89 | 89 | 90 |
| Missing answers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| The theoretical range of the results | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 |
| The empirical range of the results | 1.05–4.99 | 1.20–4.56 | 0.97–4.59 |
| Mean | 3.51 | 3.33 | 3.38 |
| Median | 3.44 | 3.45 | 3.46 |
| Modal value | 4.99 | 4.56 | 2.91 and 3.46 |
| Standard deviation | 0.98 | 0.82 | 0.77 |
| Variations’ coefficient (CV) | 27.87 | 24.51 | 22.68 |
| Skewness | −0.34 | −0.53 | −0.73 |
| Kurtosis | −0.52 | −0.32 | 0.46 |
| Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | 0.066 | 0.107* | 0.138* |
Statistical significance of the difference in gender structure between nurses and physiotherapy technicians
| Variable | Gender | Statistical significance of the test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | ||||
| Workplace | Nurses | EF | 8 | 43 | χ2(1)=3.847* |
| TF | 12 | 39 | |||
| Physiotherapy technicians | EF | 13 | 26 | χ2(1)*=2.924 | |
| TF | 9 | 30 | |||
Gender, age, marital status, place of residence, and job as predictors of justice sensitivity
| Predictors of justice sensitivity | Standard error | Beta weight | T-ratio | Tolerance coefficient | VIF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1.19 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 2.53* | 0.92 | 1.09 |
| Marital status | −0.57 | 0.49 | −0.13 | −1.16 | 0.76 | 1.32 |
| Place of residence | −0.83 | 0.40 | −0.21 | −2.06* | 0.94 | 1.07 |
| Workplace | −0.97 | 0.41 | −0.25 | −2.39* | 0.89 | 1.12 |
| Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.79 | 1.27 |
| R | 0.43 | |||||
| R2 | 0.19 | |||||
| Corrected R2 | 0.14 | |||||
| Standard error | 1.80 | |||||
| F-ratio | F(5.82)=3.766** | |||||
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinove measures
| Variables | Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinove measures |
|---|---|
| The level of justice sensitivity from the observer’s perspective | 0.86263 |
| The level of justice sensitivity from the victim’s perspective | 0.78543 |
| The level of justice sensitivity from the beneficiary’s perspective | 0.90013 |
Significance of differences in justice sensitivity between healthcare workers of different education
| Secondary education (n=51) | Advanced specialist training (n=26) | University degree (n=11) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances | Statistical significance of the differences in the average | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD |
| F(2.85)=0.325 | F(2.85)=0.830 | 10.35±1.99 | 10.17±1.76 | 9.52±2.08 |
Descriptive statistics of indicators of justice sensitivity
| N | Range | Min | Max | Sum | Mean±SE | SD | Variance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| It bothers me when others get something that should have been mine. | 90 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 379 | 4.21 | 0.152 | 0.642 | 1.079 |
| It upsets me when someone else gets an award that I deserve. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 395 | 4.34 | 0.157 | 0.760 | 1.249 |
| I can’t take it easily when I realise that someone has taken advantage of me. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 419 | 4.60 | 0.132 | 0.655 | 1.075 |
| It takes me a long time to forget the situations in which I had to correct someone else’s negligence. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 355 | 3.90 | 0.140 | 0.634 | 1.179 |
| It bothers me when I am given less chance to achieve something than others. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 393 | 4.32 | 0.145 | 0.881 | 1.208 |
| It bothers me when others are better off than me for no good reason. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 309 | 3.40 | 0.170 | 0.625 | 1.042 |
| It bothers me when I have to work hard to get what others get easily. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 354 | 3.89 | 0.157 | 0.501 | 1.054 |
| It bothers me when others are treated better than me for no real reason. | 91 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 411 | 4.52 | 0.157 | 0.501 | 1.053 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 90 |
T-test comparison of mean justice sensitivity scores from the perspective of the beneficiary, victim, and the observer
| One-Sample Test | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test Value=0 | |||||||
| t | P | df | Significant (2-tailed) | Mean difference | 95 % confidence interval of the difference | ||
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| I can’t take it easy when I realise that someone has taken advantage of others. | −4.2 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.648 | 4.39 | 4.91 |
| It takes me a long time to forget situations where someone has to correct someone else’s negligence. | −4.8 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.022 | 3.73 | 4.31 |
| It bothers me when someone is given less chance to achieve something than others. | −4.3 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.560 | 4.33 | 4.80 |
| It bothers me when someone has it worse than others for no good reason. | −3.9 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.505 | 4.26 | 4.75 |
| It bothers me when someone has to work hard for what others get easily. | −4.6 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.011 | 3.77 | 4.25 |
| It bothers me when someone is treated better than others for no real reason. | −4.5 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.407 | 4.14 | 4.68 |
| It bothers me when someone is criticised for things for which others get a free pass. | −5 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.198 | 3.94 | 4.46 |
| It makes me angry when someone is treated worse than others. | −4.3 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.407 | 4.14 | 4.67 |
| It bothers me when I get something that others should have gotten. | −4.8 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.429 | 4.18 | 4.68 |
| It upsets me when I get an award that someone else deserves. | −4.9 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.681 | 4.44 | 4.92 |
| I can’t take it easy when I realise I’ve taken advantage of someone. | −5.2 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.615 | 4.37 | 4.86 |
| It takes me a long time to forget situations where others had to correct my negligence. | −5.3 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.330 | 4.06 | 4.60 |
| It bothers me when I am given a better chance to achieve something than others. | −5 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.242 | 3.97 | 4.51 |
| I feel guilty when I am better off than others for no good reason. | −4.2 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.418 | 4.14 | 4.70 |
| It bothers me when I easily get what others have to work hard for. | −4.3 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.505 | 4.25 | 4.76 |
| It bothers me when I am treated better than others for no real reason. | −4.6 | <0.001 | 89 | .000 | 4.111 | 3.85 | 4.37 |
| It bothers me when things for which others are criticised “see through my fingers”. | −4.3 | <0.001 | 90 | .000 | 4.110 | 3.82 | 4.40 |