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The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells Cover

The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Volume 74 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Mean (± SD) changes in the viability of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine (0.39–100 µmol/L) for 24 h relative to control (untreated cells). Concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L) are framed in red. Positive control – staurosporine (2 µmol/L); &P<0.05; #P<0.01; $P<0.001; *P<0.0001 vs control (untreated cells)
Mean (± SD) changes in the viability of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine (0.39–100 µmol/L) for 24 h relative to control (untreated cells). Concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L) are framed in red. Positive control – staurosporine (2 µmol/L); &P<0.05; #P<0.01; $P<0.001; *P<0.0001 vs control (untreated cells)

Figure 2

Changes in comet tail intensity of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control (alkaline comet assay). Ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L). Results are expressed as mean, median and range. Positive control – H2O2 treated cells (100 µmol/2L)2. *Statistically significant differences (P<0.05, ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test) vs control
Changes in comet tail intensity of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control (alkaline comet assay). Ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L). Results are expressed as mean, median and range. Positive control – H2O2 treated cells (100 µmol/2L)2. *Statistically significant differences (P<0.05, ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test) vs control

Figure 3

Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug- abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians
Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug- abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians

Figure 4

Changes in ROS levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as mean ± SD and medians. ROS – reactive oxygen species determined using a fluorescent dye 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA)
Changes in ROS levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as mean ± SD and medians. ROS – reactive oxygen species determined using a fluorescent dye 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA)

Figure 5

Changes in glutathione (GSH) levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians
Changes in glutathione (GSH) levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians

Figure 6

Changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. * P<0.05 vs control (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test)
Changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. * P<0.05 vs control (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test)

Figure 7

Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. *P<0.05 vs control (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis)
Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. *P<0.05 vs control (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis)

Figure 8

Changes in catalase (CAT) levels in HepG2 and SH-SYY cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. *P<0.05 vs control (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test)
Changes in catalase (CAT) levels in HepG2 and SH-SYY cells exposed to ketamine for 24 h relative to control [ketamine concentrations correspond to concentrations found in human plasma relevant upon analgesia (0.39 µmol/L), anaesthesia (6.25 µmol/L), and drug abuse (1.56 µmol/L)]. Results are expressed as means ± SD and medians. *P<0.05 vs control (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3727 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254
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Language: English, Croatian, Slovenian
Page range: 106 - 114
Submitted on: Mar 1, 2023
Accepted on: Jun 1, 2023
Published on: Jun 26, 2023
Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
anaesthetic,
antioxidant enzymes,
drug abuse,
ROS,
toxicity
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2023 Andreja Jurič, Blanka Tariba Lovaković, Antonio Zandona, Dubravka Rašić, Martin Češi, Alica Pizent, Marijana Neuberg, Irena Canjuga, Maja Katalinić, Ana Lucić Vrdoljak, Arnes Rešić, Irena Brčić Karačonji, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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