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The effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on environmental and human microorganisms and their potential for bioremediation Cover

The effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on environmental and human microorganisms and their potential for bioremediation

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Volume 74 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)
By: Adenike R. Shittu,  Opeoluwa F. Iwaloye,  Akinloye E. Ojewole,  Akeem G. Rabiu,  Miracle O. Amechi and  Ouambo F. Herve  
Open Access
|Sep 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Most common sources of PFAS in the environment
Most common sources of PFAS in the environment

Figure 2

Chemical structure of some common long- and short-chain PFAS. PFOA – perfluorooctanoic acid (long-chain); PFOS – perfluorooctane sulphonate (long-chain); PFBS – perfluorobutane sulphonate (short-chain); PFBA – perfluorobutanoic acid (short-chain); GenX – hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid; PFHxS –1-chloro perfluorohexane sulphonate
Chemical structure of some common long- and short-chain PFAS. PFOA – perfluorooctanoic acid (long-chain); PFOS – perfluorooctane sulphonate (long-chain); PFBS – perfluorobutane sulphonate (short-chain); PFBA – perfluorobutanoic acid (short-chain); GenX – hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid; PFHxS –1-chloro perfluorohexane sulphonate

Figure 3

PFAS transport across different ecosystems
PFAS transport across different ecosystems

Impact of PFAS and its compounds on aquatic and soil microbes

Microbes/GenusResponse to PFAS exposurePFAS compoundReferences
Sediminibacterium, Opitutus, Luteolibacter, MicrocystisIncreasePFAS48
Photobacterium phosphoreumIncreasePFCA, PFOS, PFOA58, 61
Actinobacteria and BacteriodetesDecreasePFAS106
Verrucomicrobia and ProteobacteriaIncreasePFAS106
Proteobacteria and ChloroflexiDecreasePFOS62
Desulfococcus and GOUTA19Abundant/ IncreasePFAS, PFOS, PFOA77, 79

Impact of PFAS on soil microbial communities and associated biogeochemical cycles

PFASImpact on populationBacteria groups impactedPotential nutrient cycle associatedReferences
PFOSIncreaseBacteriodetesNitrogen cycle34, 94, 127
PFOS/PFOAIncreaseAlphaproteobacteriaNitrogen cycle, Sulphur cycle, carbon cycle5, 75,
PFOA, PFOSIncreaseGammaproteobacteriaNitrogen cycle5, 75, 126
PFOA, PFOSIncreaseAcidobacteriaCarbon cycle, nitrogen cycle5, 34, 75, 127, 128
PFOSIncreaseFirmicutesNitrogen cycle75, 129, 130
PFOA, PFOSIncrease/DecreaseChloroflexiSulphur cycle5, 34, 75, 127, 131
PFOS, PFOAIncrease/DecreaseActinobacteriaNitrogen cycle5, 75
PFASDecreaseThermoleophiliaSulphur cycle5
PFOS, PFASDecreaseDeltaproteobacteriaSulphur cycle5, 75

Microbial species and mechanisms by which they biodegrade PFAS

Bacterial speciesBiodegradation mechanismPFASReferences
Acidimicrobium sp. S. A6DefluorinationPFOA, PFOS124
Synechocytis sp. PCC 6803Decarboxylation, 2x reductive & oxidative defluorination, trifluoromethyl lossPFOA, PFOS132
Pseudomonas parafulva S. YAB1DecarboxylationPFOA133
Pseudomonas aeruginosa S.HJ4C-C bond cleavagePFOS10
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2.4-DDecarboxylation, desulphonationPFOS134
Gordonia sp. S. NB4-1YDesulphonationFTSA, FTAB135
Mycobacterium vaccaeDechlorinationFTOH136

Polymeric and non-polymeric PFAS classification and examples (7, 11)

Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PerFASs)AcronymFormulaExamples
Non-polymeric PFASPerfluoroalkyl acidsPFAAsCnF2n+1RPFHxS, PFOA
Perfluoroalakane sulphonatesPFSAsCnF2n+1SO3-PFOS
Perfluorocarboxylic acidsPFCAsCnF2n+1COO-C8-PFPA
Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acidsPFPAsCnF2n+1(O)P(OH)O-C8-PFPiA
Perfluoroalkane sulphonamidesFASACnF2n+1SO2NH2FOSA
Perfluoroalkyl ether acidsPFEAsCnF2n+1O-CmF2m+1GenX
Perfluoroalkyl sulphonamideotic acidsFASAAsCnF2n+1SO2NHCH2COOHFOSE, MeFOSA
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PolyFASs)
Fluorotelomer alcoholsFTCnF2n+ 1CH2CH2OHFTO
Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid estersPAPs(O)P(OH)3-X(OCH2CH2CnF2n+1)xdiPAP
Fluorortelomer saturated aldehydesFTALsCnF2n+1CH2CHO8:2 FTAL
Fluorotelomer unsaturated aldehydesFTUALsCnF2n+1CF=CHCHO4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononoate
Polymeric PFAASFluoropolymersFPs PFTE
PerfluoropolyethersPFPEsHOCH2O-(CmF2mO)n-CH2OHPFPE-BP
Side-chain fluorinated aromaticssc-FCnF2n+1-aromatic ringsFluoriated methacrylate
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3708 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254
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Language: English, Croatian, Slovenian
Page range: 167 - 178
Submitted on: Jan 1, 2023
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Accepted on: Aug 1, 2023
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Published on: Sep 30, 2023
Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
bioremediation,
environment,
microbiome,
PFAS,
toxicity
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2023 Adenike R. Shittu, Opeoluwa F. Iwaloye, Akinloye E. Ojewole, Akeem G. Rabiu, Miracle O. Amechi, Ouambo F. Herve, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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