Figure 1
Chemical structure of 1,4-DHP derivatives included in this review
Table 1
| 1,4-DHP derivative | DNA binding constant (UV/VIS spectroscopy) (M-1) | Stern-Volmer binding constant (EtBr extrusion) (M-1) | DNA binding constant (spectrofluorimetry) (M-1) | Effect on hydroxyl radical production (EPR; %) | Peroxynitrite decomposition time compared to control | Decrease in DNA damage in HeLa cells by peroxynitrite after pre-incubation with 10 nmol/L of a 1,4-DHP (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AV-153-Na | 7.21328×104 | 9.4×104 | 4.40×105 | 96.8 | 0.75 | 50 |
| AV-153-Ca | 1.7×105 | 4.04×105 | 3.44 | 57 | ||
| AV-153-Mg | 2.3×105 | 5.43×105 | 7.52 | NS | ||
| AV-153-Li | 9.9×104 | 3.32×105 | 3.48 | NS | ||
| AV-153-K | 8.7×104 | 2.70×105 | 3.13 | 19 | ||
| AV-153-Rb | 8.9×104 | 3.07×105 | 3.00 | 14 | ||
| AV-154-Na | No binding | 98.7 | 0.29 | NS | ||
| Carbatone | 1.09×102 | 100 | N/A | |||
| Metcarbatone | 0.82×102 | 3.8×102 | 31.4 | |||
| Etcarbatone | 0.54×102 | 9.5×102 | 98.3 | |||
| Propcarbatone | 1.11×102 | 86.4 | ||||
| Styrylcarbatone | 1.9×103 | ? | 1.4×104 | 106 | ||
| Glutapyrone | No binding | 27 | ||||
| Cerebrocrast | 2.2×103 | 8.61 | 29 | |||
| Etaftorone | 2.25 | 27* | ||||
| Fenoftorone | 2.28 |
Figure 2
Protective effects of nitrendipine against pTZ57R DNA plasmid damage caused by Fenton reaction products. The pTZ57R DNA plasmid (1.4 μg) was incubated for 30 min with 0.003 % H2O2 in 0.01 mmol/L FeSO4 with no or 5, 10, 25, 50 or 100 µmol/L nitrendipine And electrophoresed following the standard procedure. NK – negative control
Figure 3
Protective effects of AV-153-Na (50 nmol/L) against DNA oxidative damage caused by the DUX4 protein in the HeLa cell line. *p<0.05 vs DUX4. ###p<0.001 vs DUX4 + peroxynitrite. A.U. – arbitrary units; GFP – transfection control