Logistic regression for the association between the rs1437396 polymorphism and alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder (AUD+MDD) comorbidity (N=53)
| Variables | B | SE | χ2 | df | OR (CI 95 %) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1437396 (T allele) | 0.779 | 0.338 | 5.326 | 1 | 2.17 (1.12–4.22) | 0.021* |
| Gender (male) | 0.059 | 0.509 | 0.013 | 1 | 1.06 (0.39–2.87) | 0.908 |
| Age | −0.018 | 0.018 | 0.258 | 1 | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.324 |
| Living environment (urban) | 0.18 | 0.355 | 0.258 | 1 | 1.19 (0.59–2.4) | 0.611 |
| Education (college) | 1.923 | 0.749 | 6.6 | 1 | 6.84 (1.57–29.67) | 0.010* |
| Marital status (with a partner) | −0.320 | 0.373 | 0.736 | 1 | 0.72 (0.34–1.5) | 0.391 |
| Family history of AUD | −0.023 | 0.377 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.97 (0.46–2.04) | 0.951 |
| Occupation (employed) | 0.093 | 0.365 | 0.065 | 1 | 1.09 (0.53–2.24) | 0.799 |
| Constant | −0.947 | 1.034 | 0.838 | 1 | 0.36 |
Distribution of genotype and allele frequency of the rs1437396 polymorphism in patients with alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder (AUD+MDD) vs the AUD-only group
| Model | AUD+MDD N=53 (%) | AUD N=173 (%) | OR (95 % CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allelic | T vs C | 38 (35.85) | 82 (23.7) | 1.8 | 0.016* |
| 68 (64.15) | 264 (76.3) | (1.12–2.87) | |||
| Co-dominant | TT vs CC | 6 (11.32) | 9 (5.2) | 3.17 | 0.077 |
| 21 (39.62) | 100 (57.8) | (1.02–9.88) | |||
| CT vs CC | 26 (49.05) | 64 (37) | 1.93 | 0.065 | |
| 21 (39.62) | 100 (57.8) | (1–3.72) | |||
| Dominant | TT+CT vs CC | 32 (60.38) | 73 (42.2) | 2.08 | 0.027* |
| 21 (39.62) | 100 (57.8) | (1.11–3.91) | |||
| Recessive | TT vs CC+CT | 6 (11.32) | 9 (5.2) | 2.32 | 0.124 |
| 47 (88.68) | 164 (94.8) | (0.78–6.67) |
Distribution of genotype and allele frequency of the rs1437396 polymorphism in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and healthy controls
| Model | AUD N=226 (%) | Controls N=391 (%) | OR (95 % CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allelic | T vs C | 120 (26.5) | 167 (21.4) | 1.33 | |
| 332 (73.5) | 615 (78.6) | (1.01–1.14) | 0.042* | ||
| Co-dominant | TT vs CC | 15 (6.6) | 22 (5.63) | 1.38 | |
| 121 (53.5) | 246 (62.9) | (0.7–2.7) | 0.36 | ||
| CT vs CC | 90 (39.8) | 123 (31.5) | 1.48 | ||
| 121 (53.5) | 246 (62.9) | (1.05–2.1) | 0.031* | ||
| Dominant | TT+CT vs CC | 105 (46.4) | 145 (37) | 1.47 | |
| 121 (53.6) | 246 (63) | (1.05–2.05) | 0.026* | ||
| Recessive | TT vs CC+CT | 15 (6.6) | 22 (5.6) | 1.19 | |
| 211 (63.4) | 369 (94.4) | (0.6–2.34) | 0.6 |
Demographic and clinical characteristics of alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients with or without major depressive disorder (AUD+MDD)
| Demographic data | AUD+MDD N=53 (%) | AUD only N=173 (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 49 (35) | 52 (48) | 0.178a | |
| Gender | Female | 7 (13.2) | 27 (13.3) | 1c |
| Male | 46 (86.8) | 150 (86.7) | ||
| Living environment | Urban | 35 (66) | 99 (57.2) | 0.261c |
| Rural | 18 (34) | 74 (42.8) | ||
| Education | College | 8 (15) | 5 (2.9) | 0.003*b |
| High school | 20 (37.4) | 53 (30.6) | ||
| Vocational school | 15 (28.3) | 78 (45.1) | ||
| Elementary school | 10 (18.3) | 37 (21.4) | ||
| Marital status | With a partner | 26 (49) | 101 (58.4) | 0.261c |
| Single | 27 (51) | 72 (41.6) | ||
| Family history of AUD | Yes | 34 (64.1) | 114 (65.9) | 0.867c |
| No | 19 (35.9) | 59 (34.1) | ||
| Occupation | Employed | 24 (45.3) | 58 (33.5) | 0.052b |
| Unemployed | 9 (17) | 52 (30.1) | ||
| Disability pension | 14 (26.4) | 29 (16.8) | ||
| Retirement due to age | 6 (11.3) | 34 (19.6) |