The association between the CCDC88A gene polymorphism at rs1437396 and alcohol use disorder, with or without major depression disorder

Demographic data		AUD+MDD N=53 (%)	AUD only N=173 (%)	p-value
Age		49 (35)	52 (48)	0.178^a
Gender	Female	7 (13.2)	27 (13.3)	1^c
Gender	Male	46 (86.8)	150 (86.7)
Living environment	Urban	35 (66)	99 (57.2)	0.261^c
Living environment	Rural	18 (34)	74 (42.8)
Education	College	8 (15)	5 (2.9)	*0.003^b**
	High school	20 (37.4)	53 (30.6)
	Vocational school	15 (28.3)	78 (45.1)
	Elementary school	10 (18.3)	37 (21.4)
Marital status	With a partner	26 (49)	101 (58.4)	0.261^c
Marital status	Single	27 (51)	72 (41.6)
Family history of AUD	Yes	34 (64.1)	114 (65.9)	0.867^c
Family history of AUD	No	19 (35.9)	59 (34.1)
Occupation	Employed	24 (45.3)	58 (33.5)	0.052^b
	Unemployed	9 (17)	52 (30.1)
	Disability pension	14 (26.4)	29 (16.8)
	Retirement due to age	6 (11.3)	34 (19.6)

1 Age (continuous variable) is presented as median with interquartile range in parentheses. Categorical variables are reported as number of participants with percentage in parenthesis.

1a Mann-Whitney U Test,

1b chi-squared test,

1c Fisher’s exact test. Statistically significant p-values are bolded and marked with asterisk. AUD – alcohol use disorder; MDD – major depressive disorder

Table 2

Distribution of genotype and allele frequency of the rs1437396 polymorphism in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and healthy controls

Model		AUD N=226 (%)	Controls N=391 (%)	OR (95 % CI)	p-value
Allelic	T vs C	120 (26.5)	167 (21.4)	1.33
Allelic	T vs C	332 (73.5)	615 (78.6)	(1.01–1.14)	0.042*
Co-dominant	TT vs CC	15 (6.6)	22 (5.63)	1.38
	TT vs CC	121 (53.5)	246 (62.9)	(0.7–2.7)	0.36
	CT vs CC	90 (39.8)	123 (31.5)	1.48
	CT vs CC	121 (53.5)	246 (62.9)	(1.05–2.1)	0.031*
Dominant	TT+CT vs CC	105 (46.4)	145 (37)	1.47
Dominant	TT+CT vs CC	121 (53.6)	246 (63)	(1.05–2.05)	0.026*
Recessive	TT vs CC+CT	15 (6.6)	22 (5.6)	1.19
Recessive	TT vs CC+CT	211 (63.4)	369 (94.4)	(0.6–2.34)	0.6

1 p-values were determined by Fisher’s exact test. Statistically significant p-values are bolded and marked with the asterisk

Table 3

Distribution of genotype and allele frequency of the rs1437396 polymorphism in patients with alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder (AUD+MDD) vs the AUD-only group

Model		AUD+MDD N=53 (%)	AUD N=173 (%)	OR (95 % CI)	p-value
Allelic	T vs C	38 (35.85)	82 (23.7)	1.8	0.016*
Allelic	T vs C	68 (64.15)	264 (76.3)	(1.12–2.87)
Co-dominant	TT vs CC	6 (11.32)	9 (5.2)	3.17	0.077
	TT vs CC	21 (39.62)	100 (57.8)	(1.02–9.88)
	CT vs CC	26 (49.05)	64 (37)	1.93	0.065
	CT vs CC	21 (39.62)	100 (57.8)	(1–3.72)
Dominant	TT+CT vs CC	32 (60.38)	73 (42.2)	2.08	0.027*
Dominant	TT+CT vs CC	21 (39.62)	100 (57.8)	(1.11–3.91)
Recessive	TT vs CC+CT	6 (11.32)	9 (5.2)	2.32	0.124
Recessive	TT vs CC+CT	47 (88.68)	164 (94.8)	(0.78–6.67)

1 p-values were determined by Fisher’s exact test. Statistically significant p-values are bolded and marked with asterisk

Table 4

Logistic regression for the association between the rs1437396 polymorphism and alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder (AUD+MDD) comorbidity (N=53)

Variables	B	SE	χ²	df	OR (CI 95 %)	p-value
rs1437396 (T allele)	0.779	0.338	5.326	1	2.17 (1.12–4.22)	0.021*
Gender (male)	0.059	0.509	0.013	1	1.06 (0.39–2.87)	0.908
Age	−0.018	0.018	0.258	1	0.98 (0.94–1.01)	0.324
Living environment (urban)	0.18	0.355	0.258	1	1.19 (0.59–2.4)	0.611
Education (college)	1.923	0.749	6.6	1	6.84 (1.57–29.67)	0.010*
Marital status (with a partner)	−0.320	0.373	0.736	1	0.72 (0.34–1.5)	0.391
Family history of AUD	−0.023	0.377	0.004	1	0.97 (0.46–2.04)	0.951
Occupation (employed)	0.093	0.365	0.065	1	1.09 (0.53–2.24)	0.799
Constant	−0.947	1.034	0.838	1		0.36

1 p-values were determined with logistic regression. Statistically significant p-values are bolded and marked with asterisk

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3690 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 (formerly 0004-1254) | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254

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Language: English, Croatian

Page range: 127 - 133

Submitted on: Nov 1, 2022

Accepted on: May 1, 2023

Published on: Jun 26, 2023

Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

girdin,

major depressive disorder,

rs1437396 T allele

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2023 Maria Bonea, Constantin-Ionut Coroama, Radu Anghel Popp, Ioana Valentina Miclutia, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 74 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)