Energy and emission properties of burley tobacco stalk briquettes and its combinations with other biomass as promising replacement for coal

Component	Measurement range	Accuracy
CO	0–10000 mg/kg	±5 %
NO	0–3000 mg/kg	±5 %
NO₂	0–500 mg/kg	±5 %
SO₂	0–5000 mg/kg	±5 %
O₂	0–25 % vol.	±0.8 %
Temperatures	-40–1200 °C	±0.5 %
Speed	0–40 m/s	±0.4 %

Table 2

Mean (±SD) ash content, heat value, and elemental composition of various types of briquetted biomass

Briquette	Ash (%)***	LHW (MJ/kg)**	Elemental composition (%)					EF (tCO₂/TJ)
Briquette	Ash (%)***	LHW (MJ/kg)**	C***	H**	N**	S*	O**	EF (tCO₂/TJ)
BTS	5.13±0.05	15.28±0.07	43.09±0.13	5.37±0.11	3.70±0.04	trace	47.84±0.20	103.33
CC	1.26±0.03	16.83±0.02	46.67±0.02	5.91±0.05	1.00±0.02	trace	46.42±0.06	101.6
BS	0.54±0.02	17.27±0.04	48.97±0.05	5.78±0.05	trace	trace	45.25±0.11	103.9
SHR	12.17±0.10	14.90±0.11	47.77±0.07	5.80±0.04	1.63±0.04	0.63±0.02	44.17±0.06	117.47
SS	3.15±0.06	15.61±0.04	44.44±0.03	5.66±0.06	1.60±0.02	trace	48.30±0.07	104.31
WS	7.11±0.07	15.16±0.06	43.25±0.05	5.12±0.04	0.72±0.02	trace	50.91±0.07	104.53
BTS/CC	3.66±0.04	16.47±0.04	44.69±0.05	5.81±0.07	2.66±0.03	trace	46.84±0.09	99.42
BTS/SB	2.31±0.04	17.28±0.04	44.90±0.05	4.57±0.05	2.52±0.02	trace	48.01±0.08	95.21
BTS/SHR	7.73±0.08	15.75±0.08	46.06±0.06	5.77±0.06	0.93±0.02	0.7±0.02	46.54±0.07	107.08
BTS/SS	4.13±0.05	15.96±0.04	44.23±0.03	5.42±0.06	2.41±0.04	trace	47.94±0.05	101.54
BTS/WS	6.20±0.07	15.49±0.07	47.63±0.05	5.74±0.02	1.55±0.03	trace	45.08±0.04	112.66

1 The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level: *** between all samples; ** between more than 5 samples; * between 5 or fewer samples. BS – beech sawdust; BTS – burley tobacco stalk; CC – corncob; SHR – sunflower head remains; SS – soybean straw; WS – wheat straw

Table 3

Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the lower heat value in relation to ash and element content in different types of biomass

LHW Components	BTS	CC	SB	SHR	SS	WS	BTS/CC	BTS/SB	BTS/SHR	BTS/SS	BTS/WS
BTS (A)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-1.000**
BTS (C)	0.998 *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BTS (N)	-1.000*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CC (C)	-	1.000**	-	-	-	-	0.997*	-	-	-	-
CC (H)	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.999*	-	-	-	-
SB (H)	-	-	0.999*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SB (O)	-	-	-0.997*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SHR (O)	-	-	-	-0.998*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SS (A)	-	-	-	-	-0.999*	-	-	-	-	-0.999*	-
SS (O)	-	-	-	-	-0.998*	-	-	-	-	-0.998*	-
WS (C)	-	-	-	-	-	0.999*	-	-	-	-	1.000**
WS (H)	-	-	-	-	-	1.000**	-	-	-	-	0.999*
WS (N)	-	-	-	-	-	-1.000**	-	-	-	-	-0.999*
WS (O)	-	-	-	-	-	-0.999*	-	-	-	-	-1.000**
BTS/CC (A)	-	-1.000**	-	-	-	-	-0.997*	-	-	-	-
BTS/CC (C)	-	0.999*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BTS/CC (H)	-	0.997*	-	-	-	-	1.000**	-	-	-	-
BTS/CC (O)	-	-0.998*	-	-	-	-	-1.000*	-	-	-	-
BTS/SB (C)	-	-	0.999*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BTS/SB (H)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.999*	-	-	-
BTS/SB (O)	-	-	-0.998*	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
BTS/SHR (C)	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.999*	-	-
BTS/SHR (H)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.999*	-	-
BTS/SHR (O)	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-1.000**	-	-
BTS/SS (A)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-1.000*	-
BTS/WS (H)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.999*
BTS/WS (N)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.999*

1 *p<0.05; **p <0.01. BS – beech sawdust; BTS – burley tobacco stalk; CC – corncob; SHR – sunflower head remains; SS – soybean straw; WS – wheat straw

Table 4

Mean percentage (±SD) of combustion products from briquettes

Briquette	O₂ (%) **	CO₂ (%) ***	CO (mg/m³) ***	NO (mg/m³) **	NO_x (mg/m³) ***
BTS	12.88±0.04	8.10±0.04	1590.34±0.06	273.67±0.03	419.67±0.04
CC	12.53±0.06	7.90±0.04	2952.30±0.04	183.34±0.03	280.67±0.04
SB	12.52±0.06	9.44±0.04	2468.67±0.05	142.34±0.04	213.34±0.04
SHR	11.70±0.04	9.57±0.06	2105.34±0.04	273.67±0.07	419.34±0.05
SS	12.70±0.06	8.52±0.02	1593.00±0.02	247.34±0.03	366.34±0.04
WS	11.88±0.05	8.77±0.02	2815.00±0.04	173.34±0.04	301.34±0.03
BTS/CC	11.02±0.06	10.10±0.05	2592.67±0.05	244.67±0.06	374.67±0.04
BTS/SB	12.95±0.07	7.44±0.03	1562.00±0.06	203.00±0.06	311.67±0.05
BTS/SHR	14.31±0.06	6.40±0.06	2261.34±0.04	233.34±0.04	351.67±0.04
BTS/SS	10.98±0.06	9.74±0.04	2035.00±0.50	267.67±0.05	410.00±0.06
BTS/WS	11.05±0.06	9.97±0.05	3115.00±0.04	202.00±0.04	309.34±0.06

1 The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level: *** between all samples; ** between more than 5 samples. BS – beech sawdust; BTS – burley tobacco stalk; CC – corncob; SHR – sunflower head remains; SS – soybean straw; WS – wheat straw

Table 5

Nicotine content in briquettes and flue gases produced by briquette combustion

Briquette	Nicotine content in briquettes (mg/kg)	Nicotine content in smoke (mg/kg)
BTS	715.6	<10.0
BTS/CC	532.7	<10.0
BTS/SB	486.2	<10.0
BTS/SHR	535.5	<10.0
BTS/SS	496.2	<10.0
BTS/WS	484.6	<10.0

1 BS – beech sawdust; BTS – burley tobacco stalk; CC – corncob; SHR – sunflower head remains; SS – soybean straw; WS – wheat straw

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3630 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 (formerly 0004-1254) | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254

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Language: English, Croatian

Page range: 61 - 68

Submitted on: Feb 1, 2022

Accepted on: Jan 1, 2023

Published on: Apr 4, 2023

Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Related subjects:

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2023 Maja Malnar, Vesna Radojičić, Gordana Kulić, Zoran Dinić, Olga Cvetković, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 74 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)