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Drug-drug-gene interactions as mediators of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac and statins: a case report and literature review Cover

Drug-drug-gene interactions as mediators of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac and statins: a case report and literature review

Open Access
|Jun 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

The timeline of the first hospitalisation with all pharmacotherapy and laboratory data

Figure 2

The timeline of the second hospitalisation with all pharmacotherapy and laboratory data

Figure 3

Diclofenac transport and metabolism (adopted from PharmGKB pathway images at https://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA166163705 under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license)

Figure 4

Major statins transport and metabolism pathways (own illustration)

Pharmacogenetic profile of our patient and related pharmacotherapy

Gene-alleleGenotypePhenotypeDrug-substrateDrug-inhibitor
CYP2C9 *2, *3*1/*3intermediate metaboliser - IMdiclofenac sulphamethoxazole trimethoprimatorvastatin fenofibrate simvastatin sulphamethoxazole
CYP2C19 *2, *17*1/*1normal metaboliser - NMdiclofenac pantoprazole propranololpantoprazole atorvastatin
CYP2D6 *3, *4, *5, *6, *41, xN*1/*4intermediate metaboliser - IMpropranololatorvastatin propranolol
CYP3A4 *22*1/*1normal metaboliser - NMatorvastatin diclofenac pantoprazole propranolol prednisone simvastatindiclofenac pantoprazole
CYP3A5 *3*3/*3non-expresseratorvastatin propranolol simvastatin
UGT1A1 *28*1/*28intermediate enzyme activityatorvastatin furosemide simvastatinatorvastatin pantoprazole
UGT1A4 *2 (70C>A)*1/*1normal enzyme activityatorvastatin
UGT1A4 *3 (142T>G)*1/*3intermediate enzyme activityatorvastatinfenofibrate
UGT1A9 (-2152 C>T)C/Cnormal enzyme activityfenofibrate atorvastatinfenofibrate
UGT1A9 (-275 T>A )T/Tnormal enzyme activityfenofibrate atorvastatinfenofibrate
UGT2B7 -161C>TT/Tsubstrate depending low/high enzyme activityatorvastatin diclofenac propranolol simvastatinfenofibrate
ABCB1 (MDR1) 2677G>T/A ABCB1 (MDR1) 3435C>TG/G T/Tdecreased transporter functionatorvastatin pantoprazole prednisone propranolol simvastatinatorvastatin ceftriaxone furosemide pantoprazole
ABCC2 (MRP2) -24C>T ABCC2 (MRP2) 1249G>AC/C G/Gnormal transporter functionatorvastatin ceftriaxone diclofenac simvastatinfurosemide
ABCG2 421C>AC/Adecreased transporter functionatorvastatin ceftriaxone diclofenac fenofibrate pantoprazolefurosemide pantoprazole
SLCO1B1 *5*1A/*5decreased transporter functionatorvastatin diclofenac simvastatinatorvastatin diclofenac fenofibrate
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3549 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254
Language: English, Croatian, Slovenian
Page range: 114 - 128
Submitted on: Apr 1, 2021
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Accepted on: May 1, 2021
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Published on: Jun 28, 2021
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2021 Nada Božina, Lana Ganoci, Livija Simičević, Katarina Gvozdanović, Iva Klarica Domjanović, Margareta Fistrek Prlić, Tena Križ, Ana Borić Bilušić, Mario Laganović, Tamara Božina, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.