Epidemiology of occupational injuries among insured workers in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Year	TE	TIW	SW	FW	TOI	OISW	OIFW	TOD
2004	105462	2793757	571806	2221951	93521	6470	87051	320
2005	121554	3040134	654530	2385604	102259	7543	94716	493
2006	138002	3359566	723388	2636178	90853	7156	83697	437
2007	163764	3749575	753890	2995685	91822	7129	84693	506
2008	192685	4031146	765224	3265922	93285	6548	86737	646
2009	218363	4390447	790332	3600115	86211	5579	80632	587
2010	242561	4744134	838291	3905843	75487	4641	70846	507
2011	274034	5397485	1014889	4382596	75825	4357	71468	557
2012	335773	6985687	1279952	5705735	65656	3659	61997	351
2013	419485	9089891	1608238	7481653	52467	3005	49462	285
2014	396512	9386250	1565453	7820797	69241	3732	65509	856
2015	420941	10122477	1892812	8229665	67087	3082	64005	495
2016	453389	10489211	1875967	8613244	53404	2766	50638	522

[i] TE – total establishments; TIW – total insured workers; SW – resident Saudi workers; FW – foreign workers; TOI – total occupational injuries; OISW – occupational injuries to resident Saudi workers; OIFW – occupational injuries to foreign workers; TOD – total occupational deaths

Table 2

Annual distribution of occupational injuries and injuries per worker (injury-to-worker ratio) by economic sectors in Saudi Arabia

Economic sector	2004 N (%)	2005 N (%)	2006 N (%)	2007 N (%)	2008 N (%)	2009 N (%)	2010 N (%)	2011 N (%)	2012 N (%)	2013 N (%)	2014 N (%)	2015 N (%)	2016 N (%)
Construction	39299 (42.0)	42326 (41.4)	37427 (41.2)	38929 (42.4)	44430 (47.6)	43308 (50.2)	37527 (49.7)	36367 (48.0)	31048 (47.3)	26700 (50.9)	35552 (51.3)	35587 (53.0)	24760 (46.4)
Trade	24680 (26.4)	28315 (27.7)	25946 (28.6)	25042 (27.3)	20766 (22.3)	16939 (19.6)	16028 (21.2)	19385 (25.6)	17275 (26.3)	10312 (19.7)	12948 (18.7)	12480 (18.6)	11471 (21.5)
Manufacturing	19303 (20.6)	20283 (19.8)	17892 (19.7)	17570 (19.1)	17741 (19.3)	15454 (17.9)	12714 (16.8)	11921 (15.7)	10103 (15.4)	9148 (17.4)	11400 (16.5)	9963 (14.9)	8589 (16.1)
Social services	4302 (4.6)	4686 (4.6)	3223 (3.5)	2927 (3.2)	2960 (3.2)	2885 (3.3)	2033 (2.7)	1789 (2.4)	1677 (2.6)	1511 (2.9)	1860 (2.7)	1661 (2.5)	1651 (3.1)
Post & communications	2202 (2.4)	2510 (2.5)	2150 (2.4)	2499 (2.7)	2014 (2.2)	1757 (2.0)	1502 (2.0)	1517 (2.0)	1243 (1.9)	1117 (2.1)	1673 (2.4)	1526 (2.3)	1365 (2.6)
Financing & real estate	449 (0.5)	527 (0.5)	698 (0.8)	1381 (1.5)	1662 (1.8)	2066 (2.4)	2661 (3.5)	2179 (2.9)	2034 (3.1)	1704 (3.2)	3112 (4.5)	3547 (5.3)	3376 (6.3)
Electricity & water	1392 (1.5)	1436 (1.4)	1460 (1.6)	1274 (1.4)	1454 (1.6)	1607 (1.9)	1147 (1.5)	1074 (1.4)	835 (1.3)	651 (1.2)	811 (1.2)	578 (0.9)	613 (1.1)
Mining & quarry	1077 (1.2)	1223 (1.2)	1190 (1.3)	1354 (1.5)	1410 (1.5)	1367 (1.6)	1129 (1.5)	985 (1.3)	941 (1.4)	906 (1.7)	1346 (1.9)	1301 (1.9)	1157 (2.2)
Agriculture & fishing	817 (0.9)	953 (0.9)	867 (1.0)	846 (0.9)	848 (0.9)	828 (1.0)	746 (1.0)	608 (0.8)	500 (0.8)	418 (0.8)	539 (0.8)	444 (0.7)	422 (0.8)

Economic sector	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw	Ni/Nw
Construction	0.047	0.046	0.035	0.031	0.031	0.027	0.021	0.017	0.010	0.007	0.009	0.008	0.006
Trade	0.026	0.027	0.023	0.021	0.018	0.014	0.013	0.015	0.010	0.004	0.006	0.005	0.005
Manufacturing	0.062	0.060	0.049	0.043	0.038	0.030	0.023	0.020	0.013	0.010	0.012	0.010	0.008
Social services	0.012	0.012	0.008	0.007	0.007	0.007	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Post & communications	0.028	0.031	0.024	0.020	0.016	0.013	0.010	0.009	0.006	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.004
Financing & real estate	0.006	0.006	0.006	0.009	0.008	0.008	0.009	0.006	0.004	0.002	0.004	0.004	0.004
Electricity & water	0.025	0.026	0.025	0.020	0.021	0.022	0.015	0.013	0.010	0.006	0.007	0.005	0.005
Mining & quarry	0.014	0.016	0.014	0.014	0.014	0.013	0.010	0.008	0.007	0.005	0.007	0.007	0.006
Agriculture & fishing	0.020	0.023	0.020	0.017	0.015	0.014	0.013	0.010	0.006	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.004

[i] N – number of injuries; Ni/Nw– number of injuries per worker (injury-to-worker ratio)

Table 3

Annual distribution of occupational injuries, workers and number of injuries per workers (injury-to-worker ratio) by occupations in Saudi Arabia

Occupations	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)
	30615	34131	32421	34281	41566	42306	39106	40726	35214	27271	33726	31938	23234
Engineering	(32.7)	(33.4)	(35.7)	(37.3)	(44.6)	(49.1)	(51.8)	(53.7)	(53.6)	(52.0)	(48.7)	(47.6)	(43.5)
Services workers	56627	60417	51369	49569	42453	34118	27102	25257	21220	17229	25491	26224	22388
	(60.6)	(59.1)	(56.5)	(54.0)	(45.5)	(39.6)	(35.9)	(33.3)	(32.3)	(32.8)	(36.8)	(39.1)	(41.9)
Technicians	776	1653	1854	2594	3636	4131	4279	4955	4710	3753	4833	4412	3794
	(0.8)	(1.6)	(2.0)	(2.8)	(3.9)	(4.8)	(5.7)	(6.5)	(7.2)	(7.2)	(7.0)	(6.6)	(7.1)
	669	1000	978	1199	1682	2087	1958	2077	1960	1886	1989	1779	1625
Industrial, chemical & food workers	(0.7)	(1.0)	(1.1)	(1.3)	(1.8)	(2.4)	(2.6)	(2.7)	(3.0)	(3.6)	(2.9)	(2.7)	(3.0)
	2185	2234	1787	1635	1361	1061	877	721	617	535	686	555	496
Clerical & related workers	(2.3)	(2.2)	(2.0)	(1.8)	(1.5)	(1.2)	(1.2)	(1.0)	(0.9)	(1.0)	(1.0)	(0.8)	(0.9)
Specialists	1282	1343	1169	1176	1175	1092	978	934	842	739	985	891	749
	(1.4)	(1.3)	(1.3)	(1.3)	(1.3)	(1.3)	(1.3)	(1.2)	(1.3)	(1.4)	(1.4)	(1.3)	(1.4)
	110033	111111	9922	112255	220077	331166	332244	331122	229988	331122	332233	223300	221133
Administrative & managerial workers	(0.1)	(0.1)	(0.1)	(0.1)	(0.2)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.5)	(0.6)	(0.5)	(0.3)	(0.4)
Sales workers	793	897	732	751	698	599	469	421	428	374	544	477	490
	(0.8)	(0.9)	(0.8)	(0.8)	(0.7)	(0.7)	(0.6)	(0.6)	(0.7)	(0.7)	(0.8)	(0.7)	(0.9)
Agriculture workers	261	322	289	265	342	350	305	306	305	244	399	365	283
	(0.3)	(0.3)	(0.3)	(0.3)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.4)	(0.5)	(0.5)	(0.6)	(0.5)	(0.5)
	210	151	162	227	165	151	89	116	62	124	265	216	132
Others	(0.2)	(0.1)	(0.2)	(0.2)	(0.2)	(0.2)	(0.1)	(0.2)	(0.1)	(0.2)	(0.4)	(0.3)	(0.2)

Occupations	2004 Ni/Nw	2005 Ni/Nw	2006 Ni/Nw	2007 Ni/Nw	2008 Ni/Nw	2009 Ni/Nw	2010 Ni/Nw	2011 Ni/Nw	2012 Ni/Nw	2013 Ni/Nw	2014 Ni/Nw	2015 Ni/Nw	2016 Ni/Nw
Engineering	0.048	0.048	0.042	0.036	0.036	0.032	0.026	0.023	0.015	0.009	0.012	0.011	0.008
Services workers	0.035	0.035	0.027	0.025	0.022	0.017	0.013	0.012	0.008	0.005	0.007	0.007	0.005
Technicians	0.009	0.015	0.014	0.015	0.017	0.016	0.014	0.013	0.010	0.006	0.007	0.006	0.005
Industrial, chemical & food workers	0.016	0.020	0.017	0.016	0.018	0.019	0.015	0.013	0.009	0.007	0.008	0.008	0.007
Clerical & related workers	0.011	0.010	0.008	0.007	0.006	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Specialists	0.012	0.012	0.009	0.008	0.007	0.006	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.002
Administrative & managerial workers	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.001
Sales workers	0.009	0.009	0.007	0.006	0.005	0.004	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Agriculture workers	0.021	0.021	0.016	0.012	0.013	0.011	0.008	0.006	0.004	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.003
Others	5.385	0.045	0.024	0.023	0.011	0.009	0.004	0.005	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001

[i] N – number of injuries; Ni/Nw – number of injuries per worker (injury-to-worker ratio)

Trends in occupational injuries by economic sectors in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Trends in occupational injuries by occupations in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Trends in occupational injuries by type in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011

Trends in occupational injuries by injured body part in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011

Table 4

Distribution of occupational injuries by type in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011, expressed in percentages

Type injuries of occupational	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	Slope
Secondary contusions	29.1	25.9	35.5	35.1	38.3	37.3	31.3	34.0	0.8
Cut & puncture	21.3	19.0	23.3	24.9	26.3	27.7	23.5	22.9	0.6
Twist & stretch	9.3	9.4	14.3	13.6	10.5	12.1	9.5	7.6	-0.2
Fracture & crush	6.0	5.7	6.8	8.3	8.3	9.6	8.6	10.6	0.7
Infections	2.6	1.8	1.8	3.3	4.1	2.7	9.9	10.0	1.1
Burns	1.8	1.5	1.8	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.1	0.1
Hernia & rupture	1.5	0.8	2.3	1.4	1.0	2.3	3.8	2.5	0.3
Dislocation	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.2	0.4	0.1
Unspecified	28.2	35.7	13.9	10.8	8.7	5.2	10.1	9.9	-3.4
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.8

Table 5

Distribution of occupational injuries by injured body parts in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011, expressed in percentages

Injured body parts	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	Slope
Upper limbs	15.5	15.6	25.3	25.8	26.3	26.7	21.9	23.0	1.1
Lower limbs	20.2	20.8	18.6	19.8	19.9	20.1	16.0	30.5	0.6
Head	12.0	12.6	14.8	16.2	15.9	15.9	12.3	15.8	0.3
Trunk	10.9	11.3	14.5	14.9	14.5	12.8	9.8	13.4	0.1
Non-classifiable	37.0	35.9	22.4	17.8	18.0	19.9	35.6	9.6	-2.4
Multiple parts	3.7	3.2	3.6	4.7	4.4	4.0	3.6	6.7	0.3
Body systems	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.0
Neck	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.0
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Table 6

Distribution of occupational injuries by cause in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016, expressed in percentages

Causes	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Slope
Caught in	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.7	0.0
Struck by or against	38.8	39.5	38.8	40.2	44.2	41.9	36.9	28.0	31.9	28.9	27.4	28.9	26.9	-1.3
Rubbed or abraded/ Friction	20.4	19.2	18.9	16.3	15.9	15.7	15.1	10.6	13.2	16.4	15.9	17.0	18.2	-0.3
Fall form high level/ Fall from same level	19.7	19.3	19.8	21.0	20.5	22.6	26.2	25.8	26.5	28.0	28.7	28.7	27.1	0.9
Vehicle accidents	5.1	5.7	5.3	5.8	4.8	4.0	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.8	6.0	4.7	6.6	0.0
Body reaction	14.1	14.7	15.4	14.8	13.3	11.2	2.7	4.7	5.3	5.7	5.3	5.4	5.1	-1.0
Stress	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.8	2.7	2.2	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5	-0.6
Contact with cold or heat	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2	1.7	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.8	0.1
Contact with radiation or caustics	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Others	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	3.5	7.3	21.2	13.4	11.5	10.8	9.8	10.4	1.2
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

Trends in occupational injuries by causes in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Table 7

Distribution of occupational injuries by recovery in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016, expressed in percentages

Injury Status	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Slope
Recovers disability with	3.1	4.8	3.5	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.9	3.7	3.3	9.3	4.4	5.9	0.2
Recovery disability without	34.1	42.0	42.2	73.4	63.7	74.9	79.7	81.9	68.4	53.4	74.7	59.3	67.6	2.1
Under treatment	62.8	53.2	54.2	22.8	32.4	21.3	16.5	13.2	28.0	43.2	16.1	36.3	26.5	-2.3
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Trends in occupational injuries by recovery in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Trends in occupational injuries by day of the week in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011

Table 8

Distribution of occupational injuries by day of the week in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2011, expressed in percentages

Day	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	Slope
Saturday	18.6	16.3	8.0	8.4	4.0	3.7	3.9	5.6	-2.0
Sunday	16.5	16.8	17.8	17.6	18.5	18.0	18.6	18.0	0.2
Monday	16.4	16.6	16.3	16.6	16.8	16.5	16.7	16.6	0.0
Tuesday	16.1	15.8	16.0	16.3	16.2	16.6	16.4	16.6	0.1
Wednesday	15.5	15.4	16.1	15.8	16.0	16.2	16.5	16.2	0.1
Thursday	13.4	13.8	14.8	14.8	15.1	15.4	14.9	15.3	0.2
Friday	3.6	5.3	10.8	10.5	13.5	13.6	13.1	11.7	1.3
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3377 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 (formerly 0004-1254) | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254

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Language: English, Croatian

Page range: 42 - 52

Submitted on: Dec 1, 2019

Accepted on: Mar 1, 2021

Published on: Mar 30, 2021

Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

construction workers,

contusions,

engineers,

General Organization for Social Insurance,

infections,

labour,

Persian Gulf countries,

technicians

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2021 Mohsin Abbas, Rashid Saeed, Zaki-ul-Zaman Asam, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 72 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Epidemiology of occupational injuries among insured workers in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016

Figures & Tables

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Table 6

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