Abstract
Over the past few decades, food production has been sufficient. However, climate change has already affected crop yields around the world. With climate change and population growth, threats to future food production come. Among the solutions to this crisis, breeding is deemed one of the most effective ways. However, traditional phenotyping in breeding is time-consuming as it requires thousands and thousands of individuals. Mechanisms and structures of stress tolerance have a great variability. Today, bigger emphasis is placed on the selection of crops based on genotype information and this still requires phenotypic data. Their use is limited by insufficient phenotypic data, including the information on stress photosynthetic responses. The latest research seeks to bring rapid, non-destructive imaging and sensing technology to agriculture, in order to greatly accelerate the in-field measurements of phenotypes and increase the phenotypic data. This paper presents a review of the imaging and sensing technologies for the field phenotyping to describe its development in the last few years.