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Respiratory system evaluation of adult primary immunodeficiency patients: a tertiary care center experience Cover

Respiratory system evaluation of adult primary immunodeficiency patients: a tertiary care center experience

Open Access
|Feb 2025

Figures & Tables

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients

CVID(N=89)CGD(N=16)SCID(N=42)SIgAD(N=20)XLA(N=19)Total(N=186)
Age (years)53 (28–70)24.81±11.1149 (28–70)26.45± 8.7625.53 ± 6.6938 (19–70)
Age at diagnosis (years)44 (14–62)11.12 ± 13.6314.26 ± 15.0922.40 ±8.365.42 ± 3.3930 (1–70)
Gender (male) N(%)45 (50.6)10 (62.5)29 (69)11 (55)19 (100)114 (61.3)
Smoking (yes) N(%)9 (10.1)1 (6.3)4 (9.5)6 (30)4 (21.1)24 (12.9)
Smoking (pack/year)17.89 ± 11.623515.25 ± 20.126.33 ± 3.773.50 ± 1.2912.88 ± 12.71
Comorbid diseases
Chronic kidney disease N(%)--3 (7.1)--3 (1.6)
Autoimmune disease N(%)24 (27)1 (6.3)8 (19)3 (15)3 (15.8)39 (21)
Hematological diseases N(%)6 (6.7)-7 (16.7)--13 (7)
Neurological diseases N(%)2 (2.2)-3 (7.1)-1 (5.3)6 (3.2)
Gastrointestinal system diseases N(%)7 (7.9)-7 (16.7)1 (5)2 (10.5)17 (9.1)
Thyroid diseases N(%)1 (1.1)-4 (9.5)--5 (2.7)
Malignancy N(%)7 (7.9)1 (6.3)8 (19)--16 (8.6)
Allergy (drug, food, bee, pollen etc.) N(%)8 (9)5 (31.3)--3 (15.8)16 (8.6)
Treatment of immunodeficiency
IVIg or SCIg N(%)76 (85.4)1 (6.3)25 (59.5)-19 (100)121 (65.1)
Prophylactic antibiotic N(%)23 (25.8)16 (100)16 (38.1)4 (20)4 (21.1)63 (33.9)
Prophylactic antifungal N (%)1 (1.1)16 (100)4 (9.5)--21 (11.3)
Prophylactic antiviral N(%)--4 (9.5)--4 (2.2)
Systemic steroid N(%)5 (5.6)-4 (9.5)-1 (5.3)10 (5.4)
Immuno-suppressive therapy N(%)8 (9)4 (25)9 (21.4)-1 (5.3)22 (11.8)
GM-CSF N(%)--5 (11.9)--5 (2.7)
SCT N(%)1 (1.1)2 (12.5)10 (23.8)--13 (7)

Lung function test results of the patients

CVID (N=89)CGD (N=16)SCID (N=42)SIgAD (N=20)XLA (N=19)Total (N=186)P
FEV1(%)78.45 ± 23.1548.12 ± 21.1868.37 ± 17.4586.33 ± 14.3281.50 ± 25.8974.76 ± 23.230.002*
FVC(%)84.20 ± 18.9456.88 ± 17.9176.32 ± 15.6987.89 ± 13.0485.70 ± 20.7180.64 ± 19.400.002*
FEV1/FVC (%)78.55 ± 15.2671.88 ± 16.4772.32 ± 11.4181.89 ± 8.1177.80 ± 13.6676.89 ± 13.990.305
Smoking (pack/year )17.89 ± 11.623515.25 ± 20.126.33 ± 3.773.50 ± 1.2912.88 ± 12.710.062

Accompanying lung diseases of the patients

Comorbid lung diseaseCVID (N=89)CGD (N=16)SCID (N=42)SIgAD (N=20)XLA (N=19)Total (N=186)P
Asthma N(%)24 (27)1 (6.3)7 (16.7)5 (25)4 (21.1)41 (22)0.355
COPD N(%)1 (1.1)2 (12.5)3 (7.1)--6 (3.2)0.06
Bronchiectasis N(%)30 (33.7)8 (50)16 (38.1)5 (25)10 (52.6)69 (37.1)0.307
Tuberculosis history N (%)5 (5.6)7 (43.8)6 (14.3)--18 (9.7)0.000*
Respiratory failure# N(%)1 (1.1)-1 (2.4)--2 (1.1)0.866
PTE N(%)-1 (6.3)---1 (0.5)1.000
Lung cancer N(%)1 (1.1)1 (6.3)---2 (1.1)0.297
GLILD N(%)7 (7.9)----7 (3.8)0.005*
BOOP N(%)4 (4.5)-1 (2.4)--5 (2.7)0.619

Radiological findings of the patients

Thoracic radiological findings N(%)CVID (N=89)CGD (N=16)SCID (N=42)SIgAD (N=20)XLA (N=19)Total (N=186)P
Atelectasis16 (18)6 (37.5)11 (26.2)1 (5)5 (26.3)39 (21)0.125
Bronchiectasis30 (33.7)8 (50)16 (38.1)5 (25)10 (52.6)69 (37.1)0.307
Consolidation12 (13.5)9 (56.3)11 (26.2)1 (5)5 (26.3)38 (20.4)0.001*
Ground glass opacity25 (28.1)9 (56.3)15 (35.7)3 (15)6 (31.6)58 (31.2)0.094
Lymphadenopathy (> 1 centimeter)19 (21.3)8 (50)14 (33.3)1 (5)4 (21.1)46 (24.7)0.017*
Tracheal deviation3 (3.4)3 (18.8)7 (16.7)-5 (26.3)18 (9.7)0.003*
Pleural thickening10 (11.2)6 (37.5)8 (19)-4 (21.1)28 (15.1)0.018*
Pleural effusion9 (10.1)4 (25)5 (11.9)-2 (10.5)20 (10.8)0.207
Thickening of the bronchial wall21 (23.6)4 (25)10 (23.8)2 (10)6 (31.6)43 (23.1)0.559
Enlargement of the bronchial wall15 (16.9)3 (18.8)9 (21.4)2 (10)4 (21.1)33 (17.7)0.842
Parenchymal nodule (< 3cm)26 (29.2)9 (56.3)17 (40.5)2 (10)7 (36.8)61 (32.8)0.033*
Parenchymal mass (> 3 cm)2 (2.2)1 (6.3)3 (7.1)--6 (3.2)0.392
Emphysema1 (1.1)4 (25)7 (16.7)--12 (6.5)0.000*
Thymic enlargement1 (1.1)----1 (0.5)0.478
Cavitation or air cyst7 (7.9)5 (31.3)13 (31)-4 (21.1)29 (15.6)0.001*
Reticular opacities19 (21.3)8 (50)11 (26.1)1 (5)5 (26.3)44 (23.7)0.033*
Centrolobular opacity19 (21.3)6 (37.5)10 (23.8)-3 (15.8)38 (20.4)0.072
Fibrotic changes21 (23.6)8 (50)10 (23.8)-6 (31.6)45 (24.8)0.012*
Pulmonary artery enlargement3 (3.4)2 (12.5)7 (16.7)-3 (15.8)15 (8.1)0.032*
Mosaic perfusion or air trapping10 (11.2)7 (43.8)10 (23.8)-5 (26.3)32 (17.2)0.002*
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 6
Submitted on: Sep 24, 2024
Accepted on: Dec 20, 2024
Published on: Feb 2, 2025
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Saltuk Buğra Kaya, Mehmet Erdem Çakmak, Özge Can Bostan, Ebru Damadoğlu, Gül Karakaya, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Saliha Esenboğa, Deniz Çağdaş Ayvaz, İlhan Tezcan, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
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