Figure 1.
Figure 2.
The different approaches used in developing countries and low-income countries
| Developed countries | Benefited largely from rabies globalization |
| Applying different vaccination methods; such as door-to-door vaccination, oral vaccination, capture vaccination, and combination of these methods | |
| Taking preemptive measures due to lower costs | |
| Maintaining the preventive measures and vaccination in rabies free areas | |
| Canine vaccinations in combination with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) | |
| Close cooperation between public health and animal health | |
| High rabies education | |
| Low-income countries | Low illness awareness |
| Free ranging dog populations | |
| Lack of international collaboration | |
| Limited accessible resources for dog owners | |
| Lack of effective communication between the veterinary and the human health sectors | |
| Rarely enforced canine vaccinations | |
| Approaching post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) only | |
| Old-fashioned preemptive control methods such as mass culling of community dogs | |
| Creating an ecological vacuum and attracting more dogs into the area due to outdated methods | |
| PEP is the only form in which a country tries to control rabies | |
| Much more severe economic burden of rabies; Direct medical costs from post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), costs of controlling rabies among dogs, livestock losses, and surveillance costs | |
| Lack of official livestock vaccination in the Veterinary Services’ control programs | |
| Prevention of outbreaks is the primary goal in the fight against rabies due to lack of resources in some areas | |
| Out-of-date laws | |
| Poor veterinary and human health infrastructure | |
| Lack of vaccination programs for animals playing a role in rabies cycle | |
| Mismanagement of funds | |
| No close cooperation between public health and animal health | |
| Low rabies education | |
| High importance of rabies owing to the fact that animal husbandry is a main means of livelihood | |
| Implementing development impact bonds could be an effective way to deal with long term financial commitment in these countries | |
| Developing region-specific networks such as MERACON |