Analgesic effects of oxycodone hydrochloride injection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and influence on substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia

	Control group (n=60)	Observation group (n=60)	t/χ²	P
Gender			χ²=0.034	0.853
Male	34 (56.67%)	35 (58.33%)
Female	26 (43.34%)	25 (41.67%)
Age (year)	45.91±2.41	45.87±2.43	t=0.091	0.928
Mean body weight (kg)	62.84±3.36	62.78±3.41	t=0.097	0.922
Pathological type			χ²=0.034	0.854
Gallbladder polyps	33 (55.00%)	34 (56.67%)
Gallbladder stones	27 (45.00%)	26 (43.33%)

Table 2.

Recovery time of spontaneous breathing and awakening time

Group	n	Recovery time of spontaneous breathing (min)	Awakening time (min)
Control	60	11.3±1.4	16.3±1.7
Observation	60	10.9±1.1	15.8±1.4
t		1.740	1.759
P		0.084	0.081

Table 3.

HR, MAP and SpO₂ at different time points

Index	Group	T0	T1	T2
HR (beats/min)	Control	74.0±5.4	90.8±7.2^*,#	87.9±5.4^*,#,Δ
	Observation	74.5±5.6	89.2±6.4^#	80.3±6.3^#,Δ
	Time difference	F=116.784, P<0.001
	Intergroup difference	F=127.383, P<0.001
	Intergroup × time difference	F=121.095, P<0.001
MAP (mmHg)	Control	84.7±5.3	95.5±6.8^*,#	92.5±5.8^*,#,Δ
	Observation	83.5±5.6	90.5±8.3^#	87.5±5.4^#,Δ
	Time difference	F=67.983, P<0.001
	Intergroup difference	F=127.886, P<0.001
	Intergroup × time difference	F=89.043, P<0.001
SpO₂(%)	Control	98.3±6.7	94.3±7.1^*	98.4±6.2
	Observation	98.4±6.3	96.4±7.3	98.5±6.3
	Time difference	F=73.294, P<0.001
	Intergroup difference	F=109.675, P<0.001
	Intergroup × time difference	F=98.042, P<0.001

* P<0.05 observation group vs. control group,

# P<0.05 vs. T0 within the group,

Δ P<0.05 vs. T1 within the group.

HR: Heart rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SpO₂: blood oxygen saturation

Table 4.

Classification of agitation during anesthesia recovery (n, %)

Group	n	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Total
Control	60	6 (10.00)	7 (11.67)	0	13 (21.67)
Observation	60	3 (5.00)	2 (3.33)	0	5 (8.33)
Fisher's probability					-
P					0.036

Table 5.

Substance P and 5-HT levels

Index	Group	T0	T1	T2	T3
Substance P (ng/L)	Control	124.5±5.6	168.2±7.2^#	188.2±5.4^#,Δ	226.3±5.9^#,Δ,▴
	Observation	124.3±5.5	151.8±5.8^*,#	174.9±5.9^*,#,Δ	199.2±6.2^*,#,▴
	Time difference	F=236.281, P<0.001
	Intergroup difference	F=458.992, P<0.001
	Intergroup × time difference	F=312.093, P<0.001
5-HT (ng/mL)	Control	461.5±10.9	614.8±14.5^#	685.7±10.2^#,Δ	774.3±8.3^#,▴
	Observation	462.8±10.3	548.9±15.1^*,#	609.7±9.4^*,#,Δ	683.2±7.4^*,#,▴
	Time difference	F=673.225, P<0.001
	Intergroup difference	F=1139.034, P<0.001
	Intergroup × time difference	F=899.326, P<0.001

* P<0.05 observation group vs. control group,

# P<0.05 vs. T0 within the group,

Δ P<0.05 vs. T1 within the group,

▴ P<0.05 vs. T2 within the group.

5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Table 6.

VAS and Ramsay scores

Index	Group	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
VAS score	Control	1.13±0.19	2.43±0.23	2.66±0.43	4.04±0.26^{c, d}	4.58±0.43^{c, d}	3.88±0.41^{a, b}	3.68±0.34^{a, b}
	Observation	1.11±0.20	2.32±0.22	2.32±0.34	3.28±0.31^{c, d}	3.26±0.36^{c, d}	3.91±0.39^{a, b}	3.70±0.35^{a, b}
	Time difference	F=0.734, P=0.873
	Intergroup difference	F=1.124, P=0.456
	Intergroup × time difference	F=0.917, P=0.671
Ramsay score	Control	1.28±0.24	3.78±0.43	3.61±0.28	3.34±0.31^{c, d}	3.28±0.34^{c, d}	1.26±0.32^{a, b}	1.18±0.21^{a, b}
	Observation	1.27±0.25	3.51±0.37	3.34±0.27	3.16±0.29^{c, d}	3.25±0.35^{c, d}	1.21±0.29^{a, b}	1.16±0.19^{a, b}
	Time difference	F=0.956, P=0.902
	Intergroup difference	F=1.732, P=0.239
	Intergroup × time difference	F=1.263, P=0.526

a Compared with T1 within the same group, P<0.05;

b compared with T2 within the same group, P<0.05;

c compared with T5 within the same group, P<0.05;

d compared with T6 within the same group, P<0.05.

VAS: Visual analogue scale

Table 7.

Incidence rates of adverse reactions after PCIA

Group	n	Nausea and vomiting (n, %)	Constipation (n, %)	Dizziness (n, %)
Control	60	15 (25.00)	14 (23.33)	10 (16.67)
Observation	60	6 (10.00)	5 (8.33)	3 (5.00)
χ²		4.675	5.065	4.227
P		0.031	0.024	0.040

[i] PCIA: Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2023-0006 | Journal eISSN: 1732-2693

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Language: English

Page range: 42 - 48

Submitted on: Jul 29, 2022

Accepted on: Feb 3, 2023

Published on: Jul 23, 2023

Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

oxycodone,

substance P,

5-hydroxytryptamine,

patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Molecular biology,

Microbiology and virology,

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Immunology

© 2023 Lei Tan, Qiannan Fan, Yue Chen, Hao Wu, Huanxi Xu, Mingjie Zhong, Lei Wu, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 77 (2023): Issue 1 (January 2023)