Kosmalski M., Ziółkowska S., Czarny P., Szemraj J., Pietras T.: The coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Med., 2022; 11: 1375
Blachier M., Leleu H., Peck-Radosavljevic M., Valla D.C., Roudot-Thoraval F. The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data. J Hepatol., 2013; 58: 593–608
Younossi Z. M., Golabi P., de Avila L., Paik J. M., Srishord M., Fukui N., Qiu Y., Burns L., Afendy A., & Nader F. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol., 2019; 71: 793–801
Drucker D.J., Nauck M.A. The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 2006; 368: 1696–705
He Z., Gao Y., Lieu L., Afrin S., Cao J., Michael N.J., Dong Y., Sun J., Guo H., Williams K.W. Direct and indirect effects of liraglutide on hypothalamic POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons—Implications for energy balance and glucose control. Mol Metab., 2019; 28: 120–134
Wadden T.A., Hollander P., Klein S., Niswender K., Woo V., Hale P.M., Aronne L.; NN8022-1923 Investigators. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int J Obes., 2013; 37: 1443–51
Monami M., Dicembrini I., Marchionni N., Rotella C.M., Mannucci E. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight: a meta-analysis. Exp Diabetes Res., 2012: 672658
Wilding J.P.H., Batterham R.L., Calanna S., Davies M., Van Gaal L.F., Lingvay I., McGowan B.M., Rosenstock J., Tran M.T.D., Wadden T.A., et al. STEP 1 Study Group: Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med., 2021; 384: 989–1002
Davies M., Færch L., Jeppesen O.K., Pakseresht A., Pedersen S.D., Perreault L., Rosenstock J., Shimomura I., Viljoen A., Wadden T.A., et al., STEP 2 Study Group. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet., 2021; 397: 971–984
Rubino D., Abrahamsson N., Davies M., Hesse D., Greenway F.L., Jensen C., Lingvay I., Mosenzon O., Rosenstock J., Rubio M.A., et al., STEP 4 Investigators. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults With over-weight or obesity: The STEP 4 randomized clinical trial. JAMA., 2021; 325: 1414–1425
Kadowaki T., Isendahl J., Khalid U., Lee S.Y., Nishida T., Ogawa W., Tobe K., Yamauchi T., Lim S., STEP 6 investigators. Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2022 10: 193–206
Rubino D.M., Greenway F.L., Khalid U., O’Neil P.M., Rosenstock J., Sørrig R., Wadden T.A., Wizert A., Garvey W.T., STEP 8 Investigators. Effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs daily liraglutide on body weight in adults With overweight or obesity without diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA., 2022; 327: 138–150
Wegovy™ demonstrated significant and sustained weight loss in two-year study in adults with obesity, Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wegovy-demonstrated-significant-and-sustained-weight-loss-in-two-year-study-in-adults-with-obesity-301417583.html (Accessed September 26, 2022)
Wadden T.A., Bailey T.S., Billings L.K., Davies M., Frias J.P., Koroleva A., Lingvay I., O’Neil P.M., Rubino D.M., Skovgaard D., et al., STEP 3 Investigators. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with over-weight or obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA., 2021; 325: 1403–1413
Jabbour S.A., Frías J.P., Guja C., Hardy E., Ahmed A., Öhman P. Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION-8 study. Diabetes Obes Metab. czerwiec 2018; 20: 1515–9
Basu R, Noureddin M, Clark JM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Review of management for primary care providers. Mayo Clin Proc., wrzesień 2022; 97: 1700–16
Kosmalski M., Drzewoski J., Szymczak-Pajor I., Zieleniak A., Mikołajczyk-Solińska M., Kasznicki J., Śliwińska A.. Irisin is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biomedicines, 2022; 10: 2253
Ghosal S., Datta D., Sinha B. A meta-analysis of the effects of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sci Rep. 11 listopad 2021; 11: 22063
Klonoff D.C., Buse J.B., Nielsen L.L., Guan X., Bowlus C.L., Holcombe J.H., Wintle M.E., Maggs D.G. Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years. Curr Med Res Opin., 2008; 24: 275–286
Armstrong M.J., Houlihan D.D., Rowe I.A., Clausen W.H., Elbrønd B., Gough S.C., Tomlinson J.W., Newsome P.N. Safety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated liver enzymes: individual patient data meta-analysis of the LEAD program. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2013; 37: 234–242
Jendle J., Nauck M.A., Matthews D.R., Frid A., Hermansen K., Düring M., Zdravkovic M., Strauss B.J., Garber A.J.; LEAD-2 and LEAD-3 Study Groups. Weight loss with liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue for type 2 diabetes treatment as monotherapy or added to metformin, is primarily as a result of a reduction in fat tissue. Diabetes Obes Metab., 2009; 11: 1163–72
Petit J.M., Cercueil J.P., Loffroy R., Denimal D., Bouillet B., Fourmont C., Chevallier O., Duvillard L., Vergès B. Effect of liraglutide therapy on liver fat content in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: The Lira-NAFLD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 2017;102: 407–415
Newsome P.N., Buchholtz K., Cusi K., Linder M., Okanoue T., Ratziu V., Sanyal AJ, Sejling AS, Harrison SA; et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med., 2021; 384: 1113–1124
Péterfi Z., Szilvásy-Szabó A., Farkas E., Ruska Y., Pyke C., Knudsen L.B., Fekete C. Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates the proopiomelanocortin neurons of the arcuate nucleus both directly and indirectly via presynaptic action. Neuroendocrinology, 2021; 111: 986–997
Heppner K.M., Kirigiti M., Secher A., Paulsen S.J., Buckingham R., Pyke C., Knudsen L.B., Vrang N., Grove K.L. Expression and distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mRNA, protein and binding in the male nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) brain. Endocrinology, 2015; 156: 255–267
Hamilton A., Patterson S., Porter D., Gault V.A., Holscher C. Novel GLP–1 mimetics developed to treat type 2 diabetes promote progenitor cell proliferation in the brain. J Neurosci Res., 2011; 89: 481–489
Athauda D., Foltynie T. The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP) receptor as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms of action. Drug Discov Today, 2016; 21: 802–818
Brierley DI, Holt MK, Singh A, de Araujo A, McDougle M, Vergara M, Afaghani MH, Lee SJ, Scott K, Maske C, et al. Central and peripheral GLP–1 systems independently suppress eating. Nat Metab. 2021; 3(2): 258–273.
Farr O.M., Upadhyay J., Rutagengwa C., DiPrisco B., Ranta Z., Adra A., Bapatla N., Douglas V.P., Douglas K.A.A., Nolen-Doerr E., et al. Longer-term liraglutide administration at the highest dose approved for obesity increases reward-related orbitofrontal cortex activation in response to food cues: Implications for plateauing weight loss in response to anti-obesity therapies. Diabetes Obes Metab., 2019; 21: 2459–2464
Seghieri M., Rebelos E., Gastaldelli A., Astiarraga B.D., Casolaro A., Barsotti E., Pocai A., Nauck M., Muscelli E., Ferrannini E. Direct effect of GLP-1 infusion on endogenous glucose production in humans. Diabetologia., 2013; 56: 156–161
Gastaldelli A., Gaggini M., Daniele G., Ciociaro D., Cersosimo E., Tripathy D., Triplitt C., Fox P., Musi N., DeFronzo R., et al. Exenatide improves both hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance: A dynamic positron emission tomography study. Hepatology, 2016; 64: 2028–2037
Gupta N.A., Mells J., Dunham R.M., Grakoui A., Handy J., Saxena N.K., Anania F.A. Glucagon–like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway. Hepatology, 2010; 51: 1584–1592
Seghieri M., Christensen A.S., Andersen A., Solini A., Knop F.K., Vilsbøll T. Future perspectives on GLP-1 receptor agonists and GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists in the treatment of NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018; 9: 649
Marín-Juez R., Jong-Raadsen S., Yang S., Spaink H.P. Hyperinsulinemia induces insulin resistance and immune suppression via Ptpn6/Shp1 in zebrafish. J Endocrinol., 2014; 222: 229–241
Lu Y., Jiang Z., Dai H., Miao R., Shu J., Gu H., Liu X., Huang Z., Yang G., Chen A.F., et al. Hepatic leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via SHP1-TRAF6 pathway. Hepatology. 2018; 67: 1303–1319
Xu E., Forest M.P., Schwab M., Avramoglu R.K., St-Amand E., Caron A.Z., Bellmann K., Shum M., Voisin G., Paquet M., et al. Hepatocyte-specific Ptpn6 deletion promotes hepatic lipid accretion, but reduces NAFLD in diet-induced obesity: potential role of PPARγ. Hepatology, 2014; 59: 1803–1815
Kim E.R., Park J.S., Kim J.H., Oh J.Y., Oh I.J., Choi D.H., Lee Y.S., Park I.S., Kim S., Lee D.H., et al. A GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor dual agonist to treat NASH: Targeting the gut-liver axis and microbiome. Hepatology, 2022; 75: 1523–1538