References
- Chugh SS, Kelly KL, Titus JL. Sudden cardiac death with apparently normal heart. Circulation. 2000; 102: 649–654.
- Wong C, Marwick TH. Obesity cardiomyopathy: Pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc Med. 2007; 4: 436–443.
- Yan GX, Lankipalli RS, Burke JF, Musco S, Kowey PR. Ventricular repolarization components on the electrocardiogram: Cellular basis and clinical significance. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 42: 401–409.
- Matta MG, Gulayin PE, García-Zamora S, Gutierrez L, Rubinstein AL, Irazola VE, Poggio R, Gonzalez-Zuelgaray J. Epidemiology of early repolarization pattern in an adult general population. Acta Cardiol. 2020; 75: 713–723.
- Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Junttila MJ, Aro AL, Kerola T, Rissanen HA, Reunanen A, Huikuri HV. Long-term outcome associated with early repolarization on electrocardiography. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361: 2529–2537.
- Macfarlane PW, Antzelevitch C, Haissaguerre M, Huikuri HV, Potse M, Rosso R, Sacher F, Tikkanen JT, Wellens H, Yan GX. The early repolarization pattern: A consensus paper. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2015; 66: 470–477.
- Walsh JA 3rd, Ilkhanoff L, Soliman EZ, Prineas R, Liu K, Ning H, Lloyd-Jones D. Natural history of the early repolarization pattern in a biracial cohort: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013; 61: 863–869.
- Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gorgels A, Hancock EW, Josephson M, Kligfield P, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: Part IV: The ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 53: 982–991.
- Messerli FH, Nunez BD, Ventura HO, Snyder DW. Overweight and sudden death. Increased ventricular ectopy in cardiopathy of obesity. Arch. Intern. Med. 1987; 147: 1725–1728.
- Elming H, Holm E, Jun L, Torp-Pedersen C, Køber L, Kircshoff M, Malik M, Camm J. The prognostic value of the QT interval and QT interval dispersion in all-cause and cardiac mortality and morbidity in a population of Danish citizens. Eur. Heart J. 1998; 19: 1391–1400.
- Arslan E, Yiğiner O, Yavaşoğlu I, Ozçelik F, Kardeşoğlu E, Nalbant S. Effect of uncomplicated obesity on QT interval in young men. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2010; 120: 209–213.
- Frank S, Colliver JA, Frank A. The electrocardiogram in obesity: Statistical analysis of 1,029 patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1986; 7: 295–299.
- Guo X, Li Z, Guo L, Yu S, Yang H, Zheng L, Pan G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Pletcher MJ. Effects of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity on prolongation of corrected QT interval. Am. J. Cardiol. 2017; 119: 1199–1204.
- Omran J, Firwana B, Koerber S, Bostick B, Alpert MA. Effect of obesity and weight loss on ventricular repolarization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes. Rev. 2016; 17: 520–530.
- Russo V, Ammendola E, De Crescenzo I, Ricciardi D, Capuano P, Topatino A, Docimo L, Santangelo L, Calabrò R. Effect of weight loss following bariatric surgery on myocardial dispersion of repolarization in morbidly obese patients. Obes. Surg. 2007; 17: 857–865.
- Soydinc S, Davutoglu V, Akcay M. Uncomplicated metabolic syndrome is associated with prolonged electrocardiographic QTc interval and QTc dispersion. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2006; 11: 313–317.
- Al-Salameh A, Allain J, Jacques A, Verhaeghe P, Desailloud R. Shortening of the QT interval is observed soon after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients. Obes. Surg. 2014; 24: 167–170.
- Corbi GM, Carbone S, Ziccardi P, Giugliano G, Marfella R, Nappo F, Paolisso G, Esposito K, Giugliano D. FFAs and QT intervals in obese women with visceral adiposity: Effects of sustained weight loss over 1 year. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87: 2080–2083.
- Mukerji R, Petruc M, Fresen JL, Terry BE, Govindarajan G, Alpert MA. Effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on left ventricular mass and ventricular repolarization in normotensive morbidly obese patients. Am. J. Cardiol. 2012; 110: 415–419.
- Papaioannou A, Michaloudis D, Fraidakis O, Petrou A, Chaniotaki F, Kanoupakis E, Stamatiou G, Melissas J, Askitopoulou H. Effects of weight loss on QT interval in morbidly obese patients. Obes. Surg. 2003; 13: 869–873.
- Alpert MA, Terry BE, Cohen MV, Fan TM, Painter JA, Massey CV. The electrocardiogram in morbid obesity. Am. J. Cardiol. 2000; 85: 908–910.
- Eisenstein I, Edelstein J, Sarma R, Sanmarco M, Selvester RH. The electrocardiogram in obesity. J. Electrocardiol. 1982; 15: 115–118.
- Xiang H. The relationship between increased QT dispersion of acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 1993; 21: 282–283.
- Fu GS, Meissner A, Simon R. Repolarization dispersion and sudden cardiac death in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Eur. Heart J. 1997; 18: 281–289.
- Inanir M, Sincer I, Erdal E, Gunes Y, Cosgun M, Mansiroglu AK. Evaluation of electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization parameters in extreme obesity. J. Electrocardiol. 2019; 53: 36–39.
- Haarmark C, Graff C, Andersen MP, Hardahl T, Struijk JJ, Toft E, Xue J, Rowlandson GI, Hansen PR, Kanters JK. Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population. J. Electrocardiol. 2010; 43: 31–39.
- Castro Hevia J, Antzelevitch C, Tornés Bárzaga F, Sánchez MD, Balea FD, Molina RZ, Quiñones Pérez MA, Rodríguez YF. Tpeak-Tend and Tpeak-Tend dispersion as risk factors for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in patients with the Brugada syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 47: 1828–1834.
- Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Ino H, Terai H, Uchiyama K, Oe K, Mabuchi T, Konno T, Kaneda T, Mabuchi H. T wave peak-to-end interval and QT dispersion in acquired long QT syndrome: A new index for arrhythmogenicity. Clin. Sci. 2003; 105: 671–676.
- Paech C, Liebold A, Gebauer RA, Wagner F, Vogel M, Kirsten T, Schauff M, Hiemisch A, Dähnert I, Kiess W, Körner A. Relative QT interval prolongation and electrical inhomogeneity of cardiac repolarization in childhood obesity. Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2017; 47: 64–67.
- Braschi A, Abrignani MG, Francavilla VC, Francavilla G. Novel electrocardiographic parameters of altered repolarization in uncomplicated overweight and obesity. Obesity. 2011; 19: 875–881.
- Gupta P, Patel C, Patel H, Narayanaswamy S, Malhotra B, Green JT, Yan GX. Tp-e/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis. J. Electrocardiol. 2008; 41: 567–574.
- Letsas KP, Weber R, Astheimer K, Kalusche D, Arentz T. Tpeak-Tend interval and Tpeak-Tend/QT ratio as markers of ventricular tachycardia inducibility in subjects with Brugada ECG phenotype. Europace. 2010; 12: 271–274.