Fig. 1
![“Two-hit model” according to Gilliland [5]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470896671e4585e08a9f6cb/j_ahem-2022-0034_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251208%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251208T071837Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=1456d5cccd740de88a0738013c5fbaff64664a4ebe53930cd7ce13ac419041ca&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
The most common mutations in the NPM1 gene [15]
| No | Mutation type/name | DNA sequences: wild-type (black) and mutated (red) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | No mutation (wt) | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 2. | A | gatctct | - | g | TCTG | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 3. | B | gatctct | - | g | CATG | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 4. | C | gatctct | - | g | CGTG | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 5. | D | gatctct | - | g | CCTG | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 6. | E | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | CTCTTGCCC | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 7. | F | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | CCCTGGAGA | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 8. | G | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | GCTTCGCC | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 9. | H | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | GTTTTTCAA | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 10. | J | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | CTCTTTCTA | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 11. | L | gatctct | CCCG | g | - | gcagt | - | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 12. | K | gatctct | - | g | - | gcagt | CCCTTTCCA | - | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 13. | M | gatctct | - | g | TAGC | gcagt | - | ggagg | aagtctctttaagaaaatag |
| 14. | N | gatctct | - | g | CCAC | gcagt | - | ggagg | TCTCTTTaagaaaatag |
Risk stratification of AML according to ELN [7]
| Risk category | Genetic abnormality |
|---|---|
| Favorable |
|
| Intermediate |
|
| Adverse |
|