Investigation of the effect of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on Ehrlich ascites tumor

Mustafa Nisari; Neriman İnanç; Adem Tokpınar; Özge Al; Sümeyye Uçar; Mustafa Taştan; Şükrü Ateş; Seher Yılmaz

doi:10.2478/ahem-2022-0028

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Investigation of the effect of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on Ehrlich ascites tumor

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

Volume 76 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

By: Mustafa Nisari , Neriman İnanç , Adem Tokpınar , Özge Al , Sümeyye Uçar , Mustafa Taştan , Şükrü Ateş and Seher Yılmaz

Open Access

|Oct 2022

Figures & Tables

EAT cells view under light microscope a:Dead EAT cell b:Live EAT cell (X40)

Addition of cells and media to sterile culture dishes under safety cabinet

Reading the results on the Muse cell analyzer device

Data graphics obtained from the Muse Cell Analyzer, showing the apoptosis rates of EAT cells according to the groups at the end of 24 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Table 1

Expression of early apoptosis values by groups and time

Early apoptosis	Incubation times
Groups	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours
Control	65.40±0.20^a	45.83±0.42^ab	32.75±33.80^a
5 FU	67.50±1.37^a	53.50±4.47^a	27.78±1.02^ab
DMSO	63.35±2.55^a	41.31±3.54^ab	22.83±6.29^abc
50 μg/mL Y	61.01±2.10^ab	49.15±2.05^ad	29.63±5.17^a
100 μg/mL Y	60.43±1.03^ab	44.13±5.41^ae	28.40±1.40^ab
200 μg/mL Y	49.05±5.36^b	35.41±3.67^bce	17.55±3.74^bc
400 μg/mL Y	49.13±2.22^b	40.76±1.71^bde	17.60±3.03^bc
800 μg/mL Y	21.80±11.87^c	27.55±8.80^c	14,60±4,32^c
p value between groups	<0.001	<0.001	<0,001

[i] Similar letters show statistical similarity between groups and different letters show statistical difference between groups (p<0.05).

Table 2

Expression of late apoptosis values according to groups and time

Late apoptosis	Incubation times
Groups	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours
Control	32.40±0.44^ab	30.46±2.71^ab	36.41±6.22^a
5 FU	30.46±1.50^a	27.5±2.32^a	37.13±1.53^a
DMSO	33.48±2.17^ab	38.61±6.46^abc	37.48±1.72^a
50 μg/mL	35.76±1.54^ab	35.00±2.08^ab	37.86±5.73^a
100 μg/mL	35.80±0.66^ab	35.86±4.75^ab	40.95±2.95^a
200 μg/mL	44.50±4.18^b	42.26±2.78^bc	52.66±3.90^b
400 μg/mL	42.40±2.06^ab	38.91±1.25^abc	55.33±3.44^b
800 μg/mL	60.76±11.27^c	50.20±7.34^c	59.88±1.58^b
p value between groups	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

[i] Similar letters show statistical similarity between groups and different letters show statistical difference between groups (p <0.05).

Percentage values of total apoptosis according to the culture time of the groups

Data graphics obtained from the Muse Cell Analyzer, showing the apoptosis rates of EAT cells according to the groups at the end of 48 hours incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Data graphics obtained from the Muse Cell Analyzer, showing the apoptosis rates of EAT cells according to the groups at the end of 72 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Table 3

Expression of total apoptosis values according to groups and time

Total Apoptosis	Incubation times
Groups	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours
Control	97.80±0.52^a	76.30±3.11^a	69.16±3.31^a
5 FU	97.96±0.29^a	81.05±2.19^ab	64.91±2.44^a
DMSO	96.83±1.15^ac	79.93±2.92^ab	60.31±7.24^a
50 μg/mL	96,78±0.59^ac	84.15±2.23^b	67.50±9.92^a
100 μg/mL	96.23±0.86^ac	80.00±0.98^ab	69.35±4.05^a
200 μg/mL	93.55±1.2^bc	77.68±0.90^a	70.21±0.18^a
400 μg/mL	91.53±1.84^b	79.68±0.45^ab	72.93±0.96^a
800 μg/mL	82.56±2.67^d	77.75±2.77^a	74.48±3.06^a
p value between groups	<0.001	<0.014	0.072

[i] Similar letters show statistical similarity between groups and different letters show statistical difference between groups (p<0.05).

Table 4

Expression of G2/M phase proportional values according to groups and time

G2/M	Incubation times
Groups	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours
Control	8.20±1.77^a	10.96±1.41^ab	17.26±3.90^a
5 FU	7.06±1.02^a	9.50±2.27^b	9.75±2.89^c
DMSO	6.20±0.72^a	15.13±2.15^ac	14.73±1.62^ac
50 μg/mL	7.13±0.58^a	18.53±1.92^c	16.23±2.35^ac
100 μg/mL	8.06±1.19^a	12.03±1.26^ab	11.90±0.91^ac
200 μg/mL	8.03±0.11^a	13.03±1.28^ab	13.96±0.70^ac
400 μg/mL	7.63±0.45^a	11.93±2.04^ab	11.06±0.35^bc
800 μg/mL	8.50±1.01^a	10.60±2.30^ab	11.20±1.40^bc
p value between groups	0.158	<0.001	<0.005

[i] Similar letters show statistical similarity between groups and different letters show statistical difference between groups (p <0.05).

Table 5

Expressing the proportional values of total depolarized cells by groups and time

Total Amount of Depolarized	Incubation times
Groups	24 hour	48 hour	72 hour
Control	0.11±0.10^a	0.05±0.05^ab	0.25±0.10^a
5 FU	0.10±0.00^a	0.00±0.00^a	0.36±0.10^a
DMSO	0.28±0.12^a	0.03±0.05^a	0.25±0.31^a
50 μg/mL Y	0.46±0.33^ab	0.06±0.02^ab	0.28±0.40^a
100 μg/mL Y	0.61±0.05^ab	0.13±0.02^ab	0.40±0.22^a
200 μg/mL Y	0.91±0.05^ab	0.08±0.02^ab	0.33±0.25^a
400 μg/mL Y	1.78±0.96^bc	0.41±0.23^b	0.50±0.44^a
800 μg/mL Y	2.96±0.83^c	0.86±0.27^c	4.80±4.56^a
p value between groups	<0.001	<0.001	<0.042

[i] Similar letters show statistical similarity between groups and different letters show statistical difference between groups (p <0.05).

Data graphs obtained from Muse Cell Analyzer, showing cell cycle rates of EAT cells according to groups at the end of 48 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Data graphs obtained from Muse Cell Analyzer, showing cell cycle rates of EAT cells according to groups at the end of 72 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Percentage values of the G2 / M Stage according to the cultural times of the groups

Data graphics obtained from the Muse Cell Analyzer, showing the mitotic activity rates of EAT cells according to the groups at the end of 24 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/ml YP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

Data graphics obtained from the Muse Cell Analyzer, showing the mitotic activity rates of EAT cells according to the groups at the end of 48 hours of incubation. A. Control group, B. 5-FU group, C. DMSO group, D. 50 μg/ml YP group, E. 100 μg/ml YP group, F. 200 μg/mlYP group, G. 400 μg/ml YP group, H. 800 μg/ml YP group

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0028 | Journal eISSN: 1732-2693

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Language: English

Page range: 431 - 443

Submitted on: Jul 26, 2021

Accepted on: Jan 23, 2022

Published on: Oct 20, 2022

Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

animal,

cell,

yarrow,

EAT,

apoptosis

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Molecular biology,

Microbiology and virology,

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Immunology

© 2022 Mustafa Nisari, Neriman İnanç, Adem Tokpınar, Özge Al, Sümeyye Uçar, Mustafa Taştan, Şükrü Ateş, Seher Yılmaz, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 76 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

Investigation of the effect of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on Ehrlich ascites tumor

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Paradigm

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