Cadmium in herbal weight loss products as a health risk factor for consumers

Sample no.	Manufacturer	Cadmium concentration (mg Cd/kg dry matter)
1	I	0.09
2	II	0.11
3	III	0.24
4	IV	0.12
5	V	0.08
6	VI	0.24
7	VII	0.16
8	VIII	0.08
9	IX	0.08
10	X	0.09
11	XI	0.11
12	XII	0.09
13	XII	0.04
14	VII	0.02
15	XIV	< LOQ
16	XV	< LOQ
17	XVI	< LOQ
18	XVII	0.09
19	XVIII	0.09
20	XIX	0.08
21	XX	0.14
22	XXI	0.15
23	XXII	0.09
24	XXIII	< LOQ
25	XXIV	< LOQ
26	XXV	0.04
27	XXVI	0.04
28	XXVII	0.29
29	XXVIII	0.01

Samples	N	Concentration range (min-max)	Mean concentration ± standard deviation
Dietary supplements	17	< LOQ – 0.24	0.11 ± 0.06
Other herbal products	12	< LOQ – 0.29	0.10 ± 0.08
Herbal weight loss products (in total)	29	< LOQ – 0.29	0.11 ± 0.07

Table 2

Cadmium concentration in the samples of the herbal weight loss infusions (mg Cd/L)

Sample no.	Manufacturer	Cadmium concentration (mg Cd/L)
1a	I	0.039
2a	II	0.024
3a	III	0.045
4a	IV	0.029
5a	V	0.023
6a	VI	0.038
7a	VII	0.041
8a	VIII	0.014
9a	IX	0.036
10a	X	0.026
11a	XI	0.041
12a	XII	0.030
13a	XII	0.003
14a	VII	< LOQ
15a	XIV	< LOQ
16a	XV	< LOQ
17a	XVI	< LOQ
18a	XVII	0.023
19a	XVIII	0.020
20a	XIX	0.027
21a	XX	0.020
22a	XXI	0.024
23a	XXII	0.020
24a	XXIII	< LOQ
25a	XXIV	< LOQ
26a	XXV	< LOQ
27a	XXVI	0.001
28a	XXVII	0.017
29a	XXVIII	0.002

Samples	N	Concentration range (min-max)	Mean concentration ± Standard deviation	Maximum allowable concentration
Dietary supplements	17	< LOQ – 0.045	0.030 ± 0.012	1.0^*
Other herbal products	12	< LOQ – 0.027	0.017 ± 0.009
Herbal weight loss products (in total)	29	< LOQ – 0.045	0.025 ± 0.012

* EC 2006 [4]

The mean content of cadmium in the samples of dried mass and infusions of herbal weight loss products (mg Cd/kg dry matter / mg Cd/L infusions)

Table 3

Exposure of consumers of herbal weight loss products (infusions) to cadmium depending on the exposure scenario (µg Cd/kg/day)

Sample no.	Dose µg Cd/kg/day
	Exposure scenario
	1	2	3
1a	0.139	0.279	0.418
2a	0.086	0.171	0.257
3a	0.161	0.321	0.482
4a	0.104	0.207	0.311
5a	0.082	0.164	0.246
6a	0.136	0.271	0.407
7a	0.146	0.293	0.439
8a	0.050	0.100	0.150
9a	0.129	0.257	0.386
10a	0.093	0.186	0.279
11a	0.146	0.293	0.439
12a	0.107	0.214	0.321
13a	0.011	0.021	0.032
14a	-	-	-
15a	-	-	-
16a	-	-	-
17a	-	-	-
18a	0.082	0.164	0.246
19a	0.071	0.143	0.214
20a	0.096	0.193	0.289
21a	0.071	0.143	0.214
22a	0.086	0.171	0.257
23a	0.071	0.143	0.214
24a	-	-	-
25a	-	-	-
26a	-	-	-
27a	0.004	0.007	0.011
28a	0.061	0.121	0.182
29a	0.007	0.014	0.021

	Exposure scenario
	N	1		2		3
	N	Range (min-max)	Mean exposure of consumers ± Standard deviation	Range (min-max)	Mean exposure of consumers ± Standard deviation	Range (min-max)	Mean exposure of consumers ± Standard deviation
Dietary supplements	17	0.011 – 0.161	0.107 ± 0.043	0.021 – 0.321	0.214 ± 0.086	0.032 – 0.482	0.321 ± 0.129
Other herbal products	12	0.004 – 0.096	0.061 ± 0.033	0.007 – 0.193	0.121 ± 0.066	0.011 – 0.289	0.182 ± 0.100
Herbal weight loss products (in total)	29	0.004 – 0.161	0.089 ± 0.045	0.001 – 0.321	0.179 ± 0.090	0.011 – 0.482	0.268 ± 0.134

[i] No data

Table 4

Health risk for consumers due to exposure to cadmium in herbal loss weight infusions according to specific exposure scenarios

Sample no.	Hazard Quotient (HQ)
	Exposure scenario
	1	2	3
1a	0.139	0.279	0.418
2a	0.086	0.171	0.257
3a	0.161	0.321	0.482
4a	0.104	0.207	0.311
5a	0.082	0.164	0.246
6a	0.136	0.271	0.407
7a	0.146	0.293	0.439
8a	0.050	0.100	0.150
9a	0.129	0.257	0.386
10a	0.093	0.186	0.279
11a	0.146	0.293	0.439
12a	0.107	0.214	0.321
13a	0.011	0.021	0.032
14a	-	-	-
15a	-	-	-
16a	-	-	-
17a	-	-	-
18a	0.082	0.164	0.246
19a	0.071	0.143	0.214
20a	0.096	0.193	0.289
21a	0.071	0.143	0.214
22a	0.086	0.171	0.257
23a	0.071	0.143	0.214
24a	-	-	-
25a	-	-	-
26a	-	-	-
27a	0.004	0.007	0.011
28a	0.061	0.121	0.182
29a	0.007	0.014	0.021

	Hazard Quotient (HQ)
	Exposure scenario
		1		2		3
	N	Range (min-max)	Mean	Range (min-max)	Mean	Range (min-max)	Mean
Dietary supplements	17	0.011 – 0.161	0.107	0.021 – 0.321	0.214	0.032 – 0.482	0.321
Other herbal products	12	0.004 – 0.096	0.061	0.007 – 0.193	0.121	0.011 – 0.289	0.182
Herbal weight loss products (in total)	29	0.004 – 0.161	0.089	0.007 – 0.321	0.179	0.011 – 0.482	0.268

[i] No data

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1732-2693

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Language: English

Page range: 165 - 173

Submitted on: Jul 13, 2021

Accepted on: Mar 10, 2022

Published on: May 13, 2022

Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

fibroblast growth factors,

obesity,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Immunology

© 2022 Grzegorz Dziubanek, Dawid Konwant, Danuta Rogala, Joanna Domagalska, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 76 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

Cadmium in herbal weight loss products as a health risk factor for consumers

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