The impact of external factors on psoriasis

Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek; Marta Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk; Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk; Waldemar Placek

doi:10.2478/ahem-2022-0017

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

The impact of external factors on psoriasis

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

Volume 76 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)

By: Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek , Marta Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk , Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk and Waldemar Placek

Open Access

|Jun 2022

Abstract

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, constituting a significant health and socioeconomic problem. Despite numerous therapeutic options, the results of treatment very often remain insufficient. It is extremely important to remember that many external factors impact the effectiveness of therapy. This article discusses the importance of emollients in therapy and the influence of infectious agents and injuries on the course of psoriasis. Understanding the above-mentioned factors in the treatment of psoriasis is critical to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.

References

Michalek IM, Loring B, John SM. A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017; 31: 205–212.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lodén M. Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003; 4: 771–788.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lebwohl M, Herrmann LG. Impaired skin barrier function in dermatologic disease and repair with moisturization. Cutis. 2005; 76: 7–12.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Welz-Kubiak K, Reich A. Znaczenie emolientów w codziennej pielęgnacji skóry. Forum Dermatol. 2016; 2: 20–23.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ng JP, Liew HM, Ang SB. Use of emollients in atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015; 29: 854–857.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sikorska M, Nowicki R, Wilkowska A. Pielęgnacja skóry suchej i wrażliwej. Polish J Allergol. 2015; 2: 158–161.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fluhr JW, Cavallotti C, Berardesca E. Emollients, moisturizers, and keratolytic agents in psoriasis. Clin Dermatol. 2008; 26: 380–386.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Proksch E, Lachapelle JM. The management of dry skin with topical emollients - Recent perspectives. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2005; 3: 768–774.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silny W, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Gliński W, Samochocki Z, Jenerowicz D. Atopowe zapalenie skóry - Współczesne poglądy na patomechanizm oraz metody postępowania diagnostyczno-leczniczego. Stanowisko grupy specjalistów Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego. Post Dermatol Alergol. 2010; 27: 365–383.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pan M, Heinecke G, Bernardo S, Tsui C, Levitt J. Urea: A comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2013; 19: 20392.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grether-Beck S, Felsner I, Brenden H, Kohne Z, Majora M, Marini A, Jaenicke T, Rodriguez-Martin M, Trullas C, Hupe M, et al. Urea uptake enhances barrier function and antimicrobial defense in humans by regulating epidermal gene expression. J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132: 1561–1572.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bristow I. Emollients in the care of the diabetic foot. Diabet Foot J. 2013; 16: 63–66.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005; 6: 215–223.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Motta S, Monti M, Sesana S, Mellesi L, Ghidoni R, Caputo R. Abnormality of water barrier function in psoriasis. Role of ceramide fractions. Arch Dermatol. 1994; 130: 452–456.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Coderch L, López O, de la Maza A, Parra JL. Ceramides and skin function. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003; 4: 107–129.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weisshaar E, Szepietowski JC, Darsow U, Misery L, Wallengren J, Mettang T, Gieler U, Lotti T, Lambert J, Maisel P, et al. European guideline on chronic pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012; 92: 563–581.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Korponyai C, Szél E, Behány Z, Varga E, Mohos G, Dura Á, Dikstein S, Kemény L, Erős G. Effects of locally applied glycerol and xylitol on the hydration, barrier function and morphological parameters of the skin. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017; 97: 182–187.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ungerstedt JS, Blombäck M, Söderström T. Nicotinamide is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003; 131: 48–52.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Merial-Kieny C, Mengual X, Guerrero D, Sibaud V. Clinical efficacy of Avène hydrotherapy measured in a large cohort of more than 10,000 atopic or psoriatic patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011; 25: 30–34.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Luger T, Seite S, Humbert P, Krutmann J, Triller R, Dréno B. Recommendations for adjunctive basic skin care in patients with psoriasis. Eur J Dermatol. 2014; 24: 194–200.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Szepietowski J, Adamski Z, Chodorowska G, Gliński W, Kaszuba A, Placek W, Rudnicka L, Reich A. Leczenie łuszczycy zwyczajnej - Rekomendacje ekspertów Polskiego Towarzystwa Dermatologicznego. Część I: Łuszczyca łagodna, łuszczyca wieku dziecięcego. Przegl Dermatol. 2012; 99: 83–96.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Draelos ZD. Moisturizing cream ameliorates dryness and desquamation in participants not receiving topical psoriasis treatment. Cutis. 2008; 82: 211–216.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wohlrab W. Recovery rate of externally administered glucocorticoids on the skin surface. Dermatol Monatsschr. 1986; 172: 615–619.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Watsky KL, Freije L, Leneveu MC, Wenck HA, Leffell DJ. Water-in-oil emollients as steroid-sparing adjunctive therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. Cutis. 1992; 50: 383–386.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Seité S, Khemis A, Rougier A, Ortonne JP. Emollient for maintenance therapy after topical corticotherapy in mild psoriasis. Exp Dermatol. 2009; 18: 1076–1078.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lacarrubba F, Musumeci1 ML, Milani M, Micali G. Corticosteroid cream once daily plus an emollient cream in comparison with corticosteroid cream twice daily in plaque psoriasis: An intra-patient, randomized assessor-blinded, ultrasound evaluation study. J Clin Exp Dermatol Res. 2014; 5: 243.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fry L, Baker BS. Triggering psoriasis: The role of infections and medications. Clin Dermatol. 2007; 25: 606–615.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keller JJ, Lin HC. The effects of chronic periodontitis and its treatment on the subsequent risk of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 167: 1338–1344.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
El-Rachkidy RG, Hales JM, Freestone PP, Young HS, Griffiths CE, Camp RD. Increased blood levels of IgG reactive with secreted Streptococcus pyogenes proteins in chronic plaque psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2007; 127: 1337–1342.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rantakokko K, Rimpiläinen M, Uksila J, Jansèn C, Luukkainen R, Toivanen P. Antibodies to streptococcal cell wall in psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1997; 15: 399–404.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Atefi N, Noorbakhsh S, Darestani SG, Tabatabaei A, Rezaee M. The rise of staphylococcal super antigens in psoriatic patients: A case-control study. Jundishapur J Microbiol., 2014; 7: e9912.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
De Jesús-Gil C, Ruiz-Romeu E, Ferran M, Chiriac A, Deza G, Hóllo P, Celada A, Pujol RM, Santamaria-Babí LF. CLA⁺ T cell response to microbes in psoriasis. Front Immunol. 2018; 9: 1488.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lewis DJ, Chan WH, Hinojosa T, Hsu S, Feldman SR. Mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and the role of the skin microbiome in psoriasis: A review. Clin Dermatol. 2019; 37: 160–166.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thorleifsdottir RH, Eysteinsdóttir JH, Olafsson JH, Sigurdsson MI, Johnston A, Valdimarsson H, Sigurgeirsson B. Throat infections are associated with exacerbation in a substantial proportion of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016; 96: 788–791.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Valdimarsson H, Thorleifsdottir RH, Sigurdardottir SL, Gudjonsson JE, Johnston A. Psoriasis - as an autoimmune disease caused by molecular mimicry. Trends Immunol. 2009; 30: 494–501.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yamamoto T, Katayama I, Nishioka K. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative response against staphylococcal superantigens in patients with psoriasis arthropathy. Eur J Dermatol. 1999; 9: 17–21.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ruiz-Romeu E, Ferran M, Sagristà M, Gómez J, Giménez-Arnau A, Herszenyi K, Hóllo P, Celada A, Pujol R, Santamaria-Babí LF. Streptococcus pyogenes–induced cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cell-dependent epidermal cell activation triggers TH17 responses in patients with guttate psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138: 491–499.e6.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ferran M, Galván AB, Rincón C, Romeu ER, Sacrista M, Barboza E, Giménez-Arnau A, Celada A, Pujol RM, Santamaria-Babí LF. Streptococcus induces circulating CLA+ memory T-cell-dependent epidermal cell activation in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013; 133: 999–1007.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haapasalo K, Koskinen LL, Suvilehto J, Jousilahti P, Wolin A, Suomela S, Trembath R, Barker J, Vuopio J, Kere J, et al. The psoriasis risk allele HLA-C’06:02 shows evidence of association with chronic or recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis. Infect Immun. 2018; 86: e00304–18.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ståhle M, Atakan N, Boehncke WH, Chimenti S, Daudén E, Giannetti A, Hoeger P, Joly P, Katsambas A, Kragballe K, et al. Juvenile psoriasis and its clinical management: A European expert group consensus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2010; 8: 812–818.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gudjonsson JE, Thorarinsson AM, Sigurgeirsson B, Kristinsson KG, Valdimarsson H. Streptococcal throat infections and exacerbation of chronic plaque psoriasis: A prospective study. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 149: 530–534.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lesan S, Toosi R, Aliakbarzadeh R, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi L, Tavakolpour S, Mahmoudi H. Oral Candida colonization and plaque type psoriasis: Is there any relationship? J Investig Clin Dent. 2018; 9: e12335.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vitkov L, Weitgasser R, Hannig M, Fuchs K, Krautgartner WD. Candida-induced stomatopyrosis and its relation to diabetes mellitus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003; 32: 46–50.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Monea A, Santacroce L, Marrelli M, Man A. Oral candidiasis and inflammatory response: A potential synergic contribution to the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Australas Med J. 2017; 10: 550–556.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W. Compounds of psoriasis with obesity and overweight. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2017; 71: 761–772.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Brook I, Gober AE. Effect of smoking cessation on the microbial flora. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007; 133: 135–138.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mokeem SA, Abduljabbar T, Al-Kheraif AA, Alasqah MN, Michelogiannakis D, Samaranayake LP, Javed F. Oral Candida carriage among cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers, and electronic cigarette users. Oral Candida carriage among cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers, and electronic cigarette users. Oral Dis. 2019; 25: 319–326.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pietrzak A, Grywalska E, Socha M, Roliński J, Franciszkiewicz-Pietrzak K, Rudnicka L, Rudzki M, Krasowska D. Prevalence and possible role of candida species in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mediators Inflamm. 2018; 2018: 9602362.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Picciani BL, Michalski-Santos B, Carneiro S, Sampaio AL, Avelleira JC, Azulay DR, Pinto JM, Dias EP. Oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis: Correlation of oral examination and cytopathological evaluation with psoriasis disease severity and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013; 68: 986–991.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fadel HT, Flytström I, Calander AM, Bergbrant IM, Heijl L, Birkhed D. Profiles of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals with or without psoriasis. J Periodontol. 2013; 84: 477–485.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Preus HR, Khanifam P, Kolltveit K, Mørk C, Gjermo P. Periodontitis in psoriasis patients: A blinded, case-controlled study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010; 68: 165–170.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Slevolden EM, Hansen BF, Sandvik L, Preus HR. Association between moderate to severe psoriasis and periodontitis in a Scandinavian population. BMC Oral Health. 2014; 14: 139.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ungprasert P, Wijarnpreecha K, Wetter DA. Periodontitis and risk of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017; 31: 857–862.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Antal M, Braunitzer G, Mattheos N, Gyulai R, Nagy K. Smoking as a permissive factor of periodontal disease in psoriasis. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e92333.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dalmády S, Kemény L, Antal M, Gyulai R. Periodontitis: A newly identified comorbidity in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020; 16: 101–108.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Egeberg A, Mallbris L, Gislason G, Hansen PR, Mrowietz U. Risk of periodontitis in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017; 31: 288–293.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Santarelli A, Pozzi V, Molinelli E, Minnetti I, Brisigotti V, Procaccini M, Emanuelli M, Offidani A. Involvement of the oral cavity in psoriasis: Results of a clinical study. Br J Dermatol. 2015; 172: 282–285.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cutler CW, Jotwani R. Dendritic cells at the oral mucosal interface. J Dent Res. 2006; 85: 678–689.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakib S, Han J, Li T, Joshipura K, Qureshi AA. Periodontal disease and risk of psoriasis among nurses in the United States. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013; 71: 1423–1429.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moutsopoulos NM, Kling HM, Angelov N, Jin W, Palmer RJ, Nares S, Osorio M, Wahl SM. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes Th17 inducing pathways in chronic periodontitis. J Autoimmun. 2012; 39: 294–303.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Behrens F, Koehm M, Thaçi D, Gnann H, Greger G, Wittig BM, Burkhardt H. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are linked to erosive disease in an observational study of patients with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2016; 55: 1791–1795.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rosina P, Chieregato C, Miccolis D, D’Onghia FS. Psoriasis and side-effects of mesotherapy. Int J Dermatol. 2001; 40: 581–583.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Peyerl FW, Varsos GV, Shen M, Lodaya K, Gannu L, Shenoy A, Hayashida DK, D’Souza F. Psy19 comorbidities, infections and treatment patterns in psoriasis patients: A retrospective analysis of a large US electronic health record database. Value Heal. 2019; 22: 378.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Muto M, Date Y, Ichimiya M, Moriwaki Y, Mori K, Kamikawaji N, Kimura A, Sasazuki T, Asagami C. Significance of antibodies to streptococcal M protein in psoriatic arthritis and their association with HLAA*0207. Tissue Antigens. 1996; 48: 645–650.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang Q, Vasey FB, Mahfood JP, Valeriano J, Kanik KS, Anderson BE, Bridgeford PH. V2 regions of 16S ribosomal RNA used as a molecular marker for the species identification of streptococci in peripheral blood and synovial fluid from patients with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42: 2055–2059.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thumboo J, Uramoto K, Shbeeb MI, O’Fallon WM, Crowson CS, Gibson LE, Michet CJ Jr, Gabriel SE. Risk factors for the development of psoriatic arthritis: A population based nested case control study. J Rheumatol. 2002; 29: 757–762.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahman MU, Ahmed S, Schumacher HR, Zeiger AR. High levels of antipeptidoglycan antibodies in psoriatic and other seronegative arthritides. J Rheumatol. 1990; 17: 621–625.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lapadula G, Covelli M, Numo R. Antibacterial antibody pattern in seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SNSA). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1988; 6: 385–390.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silveira LH, Gutiérrez F, Scopelitis E, Cuéllar ML, Citera G, Espinoza LR. Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1993; 19: 351–362.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Louthrenoo W. Musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV infection in Thailand: An analysis of 100 cases. J Clin Rheumatol. 1997; 3: 258–268.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Njobvu PD, McGill P. Psoriatic arthritis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zambia. J Rheumatol. 2000; 27: 1699–1702.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Morar N, Willis-Owen SA, Maurer T, Bunker CB. HIV-associated psoriasis: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010; 10: 470–478.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Menon B, Gullick NJ, Walter GJ, Rajasekhar M, Garrood T, Evans HG, Taams LS, Kirkham BW. Interleukin-17+CD8+ T cells are enriched in the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis and correlate with disease activity and joint damage progression. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014; 66: 1272–1281.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mehraein Y, Lennerz C, Ehlhardt S, Venzke T, Ojak A, Remberger K, Zang KD. Detection of parvovirus B19 capsid proteins in lymphocytic cells in synovial tissue of autoimmune chronic arthritis. Mod Pathol. 2003; 16: 811–817.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mehraein Y, Lennerz C, Ehlhardt S, Kemberger K, Ojak A, Zang KD. Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in synovial tissue of autoimmune chronic arthritis determined by RNA- and DNA-in situ hybridization. Mod Pathol, 2004; 17: 781–789.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kozłowska D, Myśliwiec H, Flisiak I. Inflammation and lipid metabolism as a strong background connecting psoriasis and liver diseases. Przegl Dermatol. 2020; 107: 257–272.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhou L, Du GS, Pan LC, Zheng YG, Liu ZJ, Shi HD, Yang SZ, Shi XJ, Xuan M, Feng L.K, Zhu ZD. Sirolimus treatment for cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma patients accompanied by psoriasis after liver transplantation: A single center experience. Oncol Lett. 2017; 14: 7817–7824.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Piaserico S, Messina F. Russo FP. Managing psoriasis in patients with HBV or HCV infection: Practical considerations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019; 20: 829–845.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Happle R, Kluger N. Koebner's sheep in Wolf's clothing: Does the isotopic response exist as a distinct phenomenon? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 32: 542–543.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kamiya K, Kishimoto M, Sugai J, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Risk factors for the development of psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20: 4347.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weiss G, Shemer A, Trau H. The Koebner phenomenon: Review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002; 16: 241–248.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ji YZ, Liu SR. Koebner phenomenon leading to the formation of new psoriatic lesions: Evidences and mechanisms. Biosci Rep. 2019; 39: BSR20193266.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raychaudhuri SP, Jiang WY, Raychaudhuri SK. Revisiting the Koebner phenomenon: Role of NGF and its receptor system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Am J Pathol. 2008; 172: 961–971.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk M, Placek W. Immunological memory of psoriatic lesions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21: 62525.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grodner C, Beauchet A, Fougerousse AC, Quiles-Tsimaratos N, Perrot JL, Barthelemy H, Parier J, Maccari F, Beneton N, Bouilly-Auvray D, et al. Tattoo complications in treated and non-treated psoriatic patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34: 888–896.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tammaro A, Romano I, Parisella F, Persechino F, Persechino S. A case of Koebner phenomenon in a patient with tattoo to lips. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2016; 22;1–7.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kluger N. Tattooing and psoriasis: Demographics, motivations and attitudes, complications, and impact on body image in a series of 90 Finnish patients. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2017; 26: 29–32.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mataix J, Silvestre JF. Cutaneous adverse reactions to tattoos and piercings. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009; 100: 643–656.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baş Y, Seçkin HY, Takcı Z. Psoriasis vulgarisli bir hastada alyansa ba-li demonstratif Köbner fenomeni. Turkderm Arch Turk Dermatol Venerology. 2016; 50: 166–167.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Streit E, Vogelgsang LE. ECG-induced koebner phenomenon. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 2180.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bronckers IM, Maatkamp M, Kievit W, van de Kerkhof PC, de Jong EM, Seyger MM. The association of scalp psoriasis with overall psoriasis severity and koebnerization in children: Cross-sectional findings from the Dutch Child-CAPTURE registry. Br J Dermatol. 2019; 181: 1099–1101.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Omland SH, Gniadecki R. Psoriasis inversa: A separate identity or a variant of psoriasis vulgaris? Clin Dermatol. 2015; 33: 456–461.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zanchi M, Favot F, Bizzarini M, Piai M, Donini M, Sedona P. Botulinum toxin type-A for the treatment of inverse psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008; 22: 431–436.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kolesnik M, Franke I, Lux A, Quist SR, Gollnick HP. Eczema in psoriatico: An important differential diagnosis between chronic allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis in palmoplantar localization. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018; 98: 50–58.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skudlik C, Geier J, John SM. Current trends in occupational dermatology. Hautarzt. 2014; 65: 983–995.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Skudlik C, John SM. Psoriasis and Work. In: Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, eds.: S John, J Johansen, T Rustemeyer, P Elsner, H Maibach. Springer, Cham 2020, 461–466.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cordan Yazıcı A, Ünlü B, İkizoğlu G. Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with psoriasis on different treatment regimens. Arch Dermatol Res. 2020; 312: 601–604.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article