Fig. 1
The structure of the intestinal barrier
Fig. 2
Differences between the structure of the cell walls of Gram “−“ (A) and Gram “+” (B) bacteria
Table 1
Literature review on the influence of bariatric surgery on LPS and LBP
| Papers | Sample size | Type of surgery | Time after surgery | LPS | LBP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | |||||
| Monte et al., 2012 [51] | 15 obese patients with DM2 | RYGB | 6 months | ↓ | - |
| Yang et al., 2014 [52] | 178 obese patients 38 controls | RYGB OAGB SG AGB | 1 year | - | ↓ |
| Trøseid et al., 2013 [55] | 49 obese 17 controls | RYGB | 1 year | ↓ | - |
| Clemente-Postigo et al., 2015 [54] | 50 obese | SG BPD | 15 days | ↔ | ↑ (BPD) |
| 90 days | ↓ (SG) | ↓ (SG) | |||
| Van Dielen et al., 2004 [56] | 26 obese | VBG LAGB | 3 months | - | ↔ |
| 6 months | ↔ | ||||
| 1 year | ↓ | ||||
| 2 years | ↓ | ||||
| Li et al., 2019 [57] | 30 obese | SG | 1 month | ↓ | - |
| Animals | |||||
| Hankir et al., 2020 [50] | adult, obese male Wistar rats | RYGB | 6 weeks | ↓ | - |
| Guo et al., 2019 [44] | six-week-old specific pathogen-free male ZDF rats 10 - RYGB 20 - control | RYGB | 10 weeks | ↓ | - |
| Blanchard et al., 2017 [58] | ten-week-old C57Bl/6 mice | SG | 3 weeks | ↑ | - |
[i] RYGB - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; OAGB - one-anastomosis gastric bypass; SG - sleeve gastrectomy; AGB - adjustable gastric band; BPD - biliopancreatic diversion; VBG - vertical banded gastroplasty; LAGB - laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; ZDF - Zucker diabetic fatty; LPS - lipopolysaccharide; LBP - lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; ↑ - significantly increased; ↓- significantly decreased; ↔ - no significant change; “-” - no data