Figure 1
Figure 2
Mechanism of psoriasis induction by alcohol and cigarettes
| Psoriasis induction mechanism | |
|---|---|
| Alcohol | • Oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation and a decrease in endogenous antioxidants |
| • Increased histamine release → vasodilation → increased migration of inflammatory cells (including mast cells) | |
| • Increased arachidonic acid concentration | |
| • Induction of inflammation by increasing CD80 and CD86 expression → increased T cell activation | |
| • Increase in TNFα and overexpression of TNFα converting enzyme | |
| Cigarettes | • Free radical formation → stimulation of cell signaling pathways, i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor jB (NF-jB), Janus kinase (JAK), and signal transducer and transcriptional protein activator (JAK-STAT) signal pathway |
| • Stimulation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and keratinocytes → release of cytokines, i.e., IL-12, TNF, IL-2 and GM-CSF, which activate lymphocytes T | |
| • Dioxins bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor on Th22 and Th17 lymphocytes → IL-17 and IL-22 productionIncreased expression of HLA-Cw6, HLA-DQA1*0201 and CYP1A1 genes | |