Mathematical Modeling of the Germination and Growth of Leucaena Leucocephala under Different Substrates and Nursery Conditions
References
- Alemán-Ramirez, J.L., Okoye, P.U., Torres-Arellano, S., Mejía-Lopez, M. & Sebastian, P.J. (2022). A review on bioenergetic applications of Leucaena leucocephala. Industrial Crops and Products, 182, 114847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114847.
- Amaral, F.H., Nóbrega, J.C., Nóbrega, R.S. & Amorim, S.P. (2016). Growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit favored by organic waste in the Brazilian semiarid region. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 20, 612-617. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p612-617.
- Andrew, S.M. (2023). Production and nutritional value of Pleurotus floridanus grown on rice straw supplemented with Leucaena leucocephala foliage. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 17, 100223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100223.
- Archontoulis, S.V. & Miguez, F.E. (2015). Nonlinear regression models and applications in agricultural research. Agronomy Journal, 107, 786-798. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0506.
- Bacab, H.M., Madera, N.B., Solorio, F.J., Vera, F. & Marrufo, D.F. (2013). Los sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos con Leucaena leucocephala: una opción para la ganadería tropical. Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, 17, 67-81.
- Benincasa, P., Falcinelli, B., Lutts, S., Stagnari, F. & Galieni, A. (2019). Sprouted grains: A comprehensive review. Nutrients, 11, 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020421.
- Bermúdez, C.G. & Araica, G.M. (2022). Sistemas silvopastoriles: una alternativa para la ganadería bovina sostenible. La Calera, 22, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.5377/calera.v22i38.14193.
- Blanco, A.M., Chantre, G.R., Lodovichi, M.V., Bandoni, J.A., López, R.L., Vigna, M.R., Gigón, R. & Sabbatini, M.R. (2014). Modeling seed dormancy release and germination for predicting Avena fatua L. field emergence: A genetic algorithm approach. Ecological Modelling, 272, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.013.
- Boris, S.T. & Chan, J.S. (2008). Scale mixtures distributions in statistical modelling. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 50, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2008.00504.x
- Burbank, J., McDermid, J.L., Turcotte, F. & Rolland, N. (2023). Temporal Variation in Von Bertalanffy Growth Curves and Generation Time of Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Spring and Fall Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus). Fishes, 8, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040205.
- Chará, J., Rivera, J., Barahona, R., Murgueitio, E., Deblitz, C., Reyes, E., Maurício, R. M., Molina, J. J., Flores, M., & Zuluaga, A. (2024). Intensive silvopastoral systems: Economics and contribution to climate change mitigation and public policies. In Integrating landscapes: Agroforestry for biodiversity conservation and food sovereignty (pp. 613–634). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54270-1_21.
- Chauhan, B.S., Manalil, S., Florentine, S. & Jha, P. (2018). Germination ecology of Chloris truncata and its implication for weed management. PLoS One, 13, e0199949. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199949
- Chiou, C.R., Wang, H.H., Chen, Y.J., Grant, W.E. & Lu, M.L. (2013). Modeling potential range expansion of the invasive shrub Leucaena leucocephala in the Hengchun peninsula, Taiwan. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 6, 492-501. https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00010.1
- Coşkun, Y. (2018). Evaluation of different sigmoidal growth models and climate parameters for dry matter accumulation of oat. Genetika, 50, 1045-1054. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1803045C.
- Dagogo, J.E., Nduka, C. & Ogoke, U.P. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Richards, Gompertz and Weibull Models. IOSR Journal of Mathematics, 16, 15-20.
- Díaz, A., Castillo, E., Martín, P.C. & Hernández, J.L. (2009). Ceba de toros mestizos lecheros, en silvopastoreo con leucaena, acceso a banco de biomasa y suplemento activador del rumen. Revista Cubana de Ciencia Agrícola, 43, 235-238.
- Durand-Chávez, L.M., Vásquez, H.V., Ushiñahua-Ramírez, D., Carrasco, W., Depaz-Hizo, B. A. & Saucedo-Uriarte, J.A. (2022). Yield Performance of Forage Shrubs and Effects on Milk Production and Chemical Composition under the Tropical Climatic Conditions of Peru. Sustainability, 14, 12774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912774.
- Dzib-Castillo, B. B., Casanova-Lugo, F., Pozo-Leyva, D., Costa, R. L. D., Macario-González, L., Gimenes, F. M. A., Lara-Pérez, L. A., & Chay-Canul, A. J. (2025). Productivity and nutritional quality of pastures in a silvopastoral system under two harvest intervals in southeastern Mexico. Agroforestry Systems, 99, 137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-025-01235-3.
- Fitzhugh, H.A. (1976). Analysis of growth curves and strategies for altering their shape. Journal of Animal Science, 42, 1036-1051. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1976.4241036x
- Ghasami, S., Maleki, M. & Khodadadi, Z. (2020). Leptokurtic and platykurtic class of robust symmetrical and asymmetrical time series models. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 376, 112806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2020.112806.
- Ghorbani, A., Samadi, S., Moameri, M. & Esfanjani, J. (2020). Predicting the distribution of Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. using logistic regression in Fandoghlou rangelands of Ardabil province, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, 10, 98-111.
- Guterres, L., Duarte, M.C., Catarino, S., Roxo, G., Barnabé, J., Sebastiana, M., Monteiro, F. & Romeiras, M.M. (2022). Diversity of Legumes in the Cashew Agroforestry System in East Timor (Southeast Asia). Foods, 11, 3503. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213503.
- Hadi, M.H. & Gonzalez-Andujar, J.L. (2009). Comparison of fitting weed seedling emergence models with nonlinear regression and genetic algorithm. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 65, 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2008.07.005.
- Iraola, J., García, Y., Muñoz, E., Fraga, L.M., Barros-Rodríguez, M., Hernández, J.L. & Moreira, E. (2015). Modeling of live weight per age in fattening bovines under a silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala hala. Revista Cubana de Ciencia Agrícola, 49, 307-315.
- Jayanthy, V., Geetha, R., Rajendran, R., Prabhavathi, P., Sundaram, S.K., Kumar, S.D. & Santhanam, P. (2014). Phytoremediation of dye contaminated soil by Leucaena leucocephala (subabul) seed and growth assessment of Vigna radiata in the remediated soil. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21, 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.12.001.
- Kamar, S.H. & Msallam, B.S. (2020). Comparative study between generalized maximum entropy and Bayes methods to estimate the four parameter weibull growth model. Journal of Probability and Statistics, 2020(1), 7967345. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7967345.
- Kaps, M., Lamberson, W.R. (2017). Biostatistics for Animal Science. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire OX10 8DE, UK, 2017.
- Lee, L., Atkinson, D., Hirst, A.G. & Cornell, S.J. (2020). A new framework for growth curve fitting based on the von Bertalanffy Growth Function. Scientific Reports, 10, 7953. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64839-y.
- Lim, T. K. (2012). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. (Vol. 1, pp. 285-292). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
- Marques, A.R. Lima, L.L., Garcia, Q.S. & Atman, A.P. (2020). A novel cellular automata approach: seed input/output of the alien species Leucaena leucocephala in the soil and the effects of climate changes. Plant Ecology, 221, 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00999-w.
- Meng, G., La, Y., Bao, Q., Wu, X., Ma, X., Huang, C., Chu, M., Liang, C. & Yan, P. (2023). Early Growth and Development and Nonlinear Model Fitting Analysis of Ashidan Yak. Animals, 13, 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091545.
- Nehdi, I.A., Sbihia, H., Ping, C.B. & Al-Resayes, S.I. (2014). Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seed oil: Characterization and uses. Industrial Crops and Products, 52, 582-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.021.
- Njarui, D.M., Gatheru, M., Gichangi, E.M., Nyambati, E.M., Ondiko, C.N. & Ndungu-Magiroi, K.W. (2017). Determinants of forage adoption and production niches among smallholder farmers in Kenya. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 34, 157-166. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2017.1387814.
- Normaniza, O., Faisal, H.A. & Barakbah, S.S. (2008). Engineering properties of Leucaena leucocephala for prevention of slope failure. Ecological engineering, 32, 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.11.004.
- Ozturk, N., Kecici, P.D., Serva, L., Ekiz, B. & Magrin, L. (2023). Comparison of Nonlinear Growth Models to Estimate Growth Curves in Kivircik Sheep under a Semi-Intensive Production System. Animals, 13, 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142379.
- Pandey, V.C. & Kumar, A. (2013). Leucaena leucocephala: an underutilized plant for pulp and paper production. Genetic resources and crop evolution, 60, 1165-1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9945-0.
- Pramod, S., Rajput, K.S. & Rao, K.S. (2019). Immunolocalization of β-(1–4)-D-galactan, xyloglucans and xylans in the reaction xylem fibres of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 142, 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.013.
- Prasad, J. V. N. S., Korwar, G. R., Rao, K. V., Mandal, U. K., Rao, G. R., Srinivas, I., Venkateswarlu, B., Rao, S. N., & Kulkarni, H. D. (2011). Optimum stand density of Leucaena leucocephala for wood production in Andhra Pradesh, southern India. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(1), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.012.
- Quiñones-Huatangari, L., Huaccha-Castillo, A.E., Fernandez-Zarate, F.H., Morales-Rojas, E., Marrufo-Jiménez, J.D. & Mejía-Córdova, L.L. (2023). Analysis of Germination Curves of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) Using Sigmoidal Mathematical Models. International Journal of Agronomy, 6, 1360608. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1360608.
- Rangel, W.M., Thijs, S., Janssen, J., Oliveira, S.M., Bonaldi, D.S., Ribeiro, P.R., Jambon, I., Eevers, N., Weyens, N., Vangronsveld, J. & Moreira, F.M. (2017). Native rhizobia from Zn mining soil promote the growth of Leucaena leucocephala on contaminated soil. International journal of phytoremediation, 19, 142-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2016.1207600.
- Ritz, C., Pipper, C.B. & Streibig, J.C. (2013). Analysis of germination data from agricultural experiments. Journal of Agronomy, 45, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2012.10.003.
- Rivera-Herrera, J.E., Molina-Botero, I., Chará-Orozco, J., Murgueitio-Restrepo, E. & Barahona-Rosales, R. (2017). Intensive silvopastoral systems with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit: productive alternative in the tropic in view of the climate change. Pastos y Forrajes, 40, 171-183.
- Saucedo-Uriarte, J. A., Diaz-Quevedo, C., Milla Pino, M. E., Durand Chávez, L. M., Linares Rivera, J. L., Vásquez Pérez, H. V. & Quispe-Ccasa, H. A. (2023). Sustentabilidad productiva de la instalación de sistemas silvopastoriles: una revisión sistemática basada en la realidad de Perú y Colombia. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 24(2), e3048. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol24_num2_art:3048.
- Sánchez-Gómez, A., Rosendo-Ponce, A., Vargas-Romero, J.M., Rosales-Martínez, F., Platas-Rosado, D.E. & Becerril-Pérez, C.M. (2018). Energía germinativa en guaje (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham) con diferentes métodos de escarificación de la semilla. Agrociencia, 52, 863-874.
- Sarabia-Salgado, L., Solorio-Sánchez, F., Ramírez-Avilés, L., Rodrigues Alves, B.J., Ku-Vera, J., Aguilar-Pérez, C., Urquiaga, S. & Boddey, R.M. (2020). Increase in milk yield from cows through improvement of forage production using the N2-fixing legume Leucaena leucocephala in a silvopastoral system. Animals, 10, 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040734.
- Sharma, A.R. & Behera, U.K. (2010). Green leaf manuring with prunings of Leucaena leucocephala for nitrogen economy and improved productivity of maize (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 86, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9272-9
- Smithers, E.T., Luo, J. & Dyson, R.J. (2019). Mathematical principles and models of plant growth mechanics: from cell wall dynamics to tissue morphogenesis. J. Exp. Bot. 70, 3587-3600. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz253.
- Tan, L., Chen, S., Wang, T. & Dai, S. (2013). Proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. Proteomics, 13, 1850-1870. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201200394.
- Ulloa, J.T. & Rodríguez, J.A. (2010). El modelo logístico: Una alternativa para el estudio del crecimiento poblacional de organismos. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, 11, 3.
- Vindenes, Y., Langvatn, R., Mysterud, A. (2023). Shifting seasonality of annual growth through ontogeny for red deer at northern latitudes. Ecosphere, 14, e4639. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4639
- Wu, K., Darcet, D., Wang, Q. & Sornette, D. (2020). Generalized logistic growth modeling of the COVID-19 outbreak: comparing the dynamics in the 29 provinces in China and in the rest of the world. Nonlinear dynamics, 101, 1561-1581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05862-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/agriceng-2026-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2449-5999 | Journal ISSN: 2083-1587
Language: English
Page range: 91 - 110
Submitted on: Sep 1, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 1, 2026
Published on: May 29, 2026
Published by: Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte, Manuel Emilio Milla Pino, Hurley Abel Quispe-Ccasa, Gleni Tatiana Segura Portocarrero, Héctor Vladimir Vásquez Pérez, Deiner Jhonel Gongora-Bardales, Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana, published by Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.