Monitoring Environmental Parameters in Poultry Houses Using IoT

High gas levels in poultry houses, namely carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ammonia (NH₃), can cause stress, impair respiration in the birds, reduce egg production, and increase their disease susceptibility. Therefore, this study presents an IoT-based monitoring system built on an Arduino ESP32 microcontroller and integrated with DHT22, MQ-135, and MQ-137 sensors for measuring key environmental parameters in poultry houses. The system monitors temperature, humidity, NH₃, and CO₂ in both closed and open laying hen housing systems. Environmental data were stored in the cloud to enable remote, real-time monitoring and subsequent analysis. The results showed that closed housing systems are more suitable for regulating temperature and humidity while keeping gas levels within permissible limits inside poultry farms, thus leading to improved egg production. The proposed IoT-based monitoring system offers a practical tool for improving poultry management and reducing losses associated with poor air quality, ultimately helping farmers enhance production efficiency.