Nephroprotective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 alone and in Combination with N-acetylcysteine in Diabetic Nephropathy

Groups	Body weight %		Kidney to Body Weight Ratio (mg/g)
Groups	Initial at Week 0	Final at Week 12	Kidney to Body Weight Ratio (mg/g)
Control	100.0 ± 0.368	145.2 ± 0.865^*	3.807 ± 0.041
STZ-NAD DN	100.0 ±1.389	87.5 ± 0.958^{a, *}	7.504 ± 0.193 ^a
CoQ10 (10 mg/kg)	100.0 ±0.763	105.2 ± 1.122^{a, b, *}	5.490 ± 0.199^{a, b}
NAC (300 mg/kg)	100.0 ±1.128	106.5 ± 0.467^{a, b, *}	5.201 ± 0.072^{a, b}
CoQ10 + NAC	100.0 ±1.039	112.0 ± 1.217^{a, b, c, d, *}	4.530 ± 0.126^{a, b, c, d}

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

a p < 0.05 as compared to the normal control group,

b p < 0.05 as compared to the diabetic control group,

c p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic CoQ10 alone treated group and

d p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic NAC alone treated group,

* p < 0.05 as compared with the same group at 0 week.

Table 2

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on blood glucose level (mg/dL) and HbA_1C

Groups	Blood Glucose (mg/dL)		HbA_1C (%)
Groups	Initial at Week 0	Final at Week 12	HbA_1C (%)
Control	91.83 ± 2.937	91.0 ± 3.13	4.733 ± 0.084
STZ-NAD DN	499.0 ± 17.27^a	534.0 ± 24.28^a	9.05 ± 0.283 ^a
CoQ10 (10 mg/kg)	473.2 ± 17.35^a	413.5 ± 5.812^{a, b, *}	6.15 ± 0.080^{a, b}
NAC (300 mg/kg)	480.0 ± 15.73^a	451.7 ± 11.8^{a, b}	6.4 ± 0.085^{a, b}
CoQ10 + NAC	477.7 ± 15.34^a	351.5 ± 12.03^{a, b, c, d, *}	5.4 ± 0.171^{a, b, c, d}

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

a p < 0.05 as compared to the normal control group,

b p < 0.05 as compared to the diabetic control group,

c p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic CoQ10 alone treated group and

d p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic NAC alone treated group,

* p < 0.05 as compared with the same group at 0 week.

Table 3

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on serum total protein, albumin, creatinine and creatinine clearance.

Groups	Total Protein (g/dL)	Albumin (g/dL)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	Creatinine clearance (mL/min)
Control	7.55 ± 0.071	3.65 ± 0.042	0.426 ± 0.032	1.134 ± 0.088
STZ-NAD DN	4.88 ± 0.094^a	1.86 ± 0.114 ^a	2.7 ± 0.182 ^a	0.269 ± 0.030^{a, b}
CoQ10 (10 mg/kg)	6.21 ± 0.149^{a, b}	2.95 ± 0.117^{a, b}	1.51 ± 0.110^{a, b}	0.631 ± 0.039^{a, b}
NAC (300 mg/kg)	5.93 ± 0.195^{a, b}	2.56 ± 0.133^{a, b}	1.55 ± 0.105^{a, b}	0.608 ± 0.045^{a, b}
CoQ10 + NAC	6.9 ± 0.063^{a, b, c, d}	3.05 ± 0.067^{a, b, d}	1.05 ± 0.058^{a, b, c, d}	0.907 ± 0.039^{a, b, c, d}

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

a p < 0.05 as compared to the normal control group,

b p < 0.05 as compared to the diabetic control group,

c p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic CoQ10 alone treated group and

d p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic NAC alone treated group.

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on a) serum urea, b) BUN and c) uric acid.

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on a) urine volume (mL/Day), b) urinary protein (mg/dL) and c) UAER (μg/min).

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on renal OS and anti-oxidant markers a) MDA, b) SOD, c) CAT and d) GSH.

Table 4

Effect of CoQ10, NAC or their combination on MPO activity and NO in renal tissue.

Groups	MPO	NO
Groups	(U/g Tissue)	(μmol/g Tissue)
Control	8.00 ± 0.718	4.38 ± 0.567
STZ-NAD DN	27.28 ± 0.871^a	12.45 ± 0.776 ^a
CoQ10 (10 mg/kg)	16.63 ± 0.639^{a, b}	6.36 ± 0.355^b
NAC (300 mg/kg)	17.27 ± 0.556^{a, b}	7.23 ± 0.480^{a, b}
CoQ10 + NAC	13.07 ± 0.582^{a, b, c, d}	4.68 ± 0.425^{b, d}

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

a p < 0.05 as compared to the normal control group,

b p < 0.05 as compared to the diabetic control group,

c p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic CoQ10 alone treated group and

d p < 0.05 as compared to diabetic NAC alone treated group.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2020-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2453-6725 (formerly 1338-6786) | Journal ISSN: 0301-2298

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Language: English

Page range: 30 - 39

Submitted on: Nov 3, 2020

Accepted on: Mar 29, 2021

Published on: Jun 18, 2021

Published by: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Diabetic nephropathy,

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© 2021 Manojkumar S. Mahajan, Aman B. Upaganlawar, Chandrashekar D. Upasani, published by Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 68 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

Nephroprotective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 alone and in Combination with N-acetylcysteine in Diabetic Nephropathy

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