Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Michael, Leschnik

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Acta Veterinaria

Volume 70 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

By:

Leschnik Michael

Open Access

|Jun 2020

References

1. The European Pet Food Industry Federation: Facts & Figures 2018, The European Pet Food Industry Federation. [https://www.fediaf.org ]
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Stone K: Animal Pharmaceutical Companies – Sales and Marketing 2019. The Balance. com. [https://www.thebalance.com/of-the-largest-animal-pharmas-2663221]
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. World Health Organization: Vector-borne Diseases 2017. World Health Organization, Geneva. [https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheet/detail/vector-borne-diseases]
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Leschnik M, Feiler A, Duscher GG, Joachim A: Effect of owner-controlled acaricidal treatment on tick infestation and immune response to tick-borne pathogens in naturally infested dogs from Eastern Austria. Parasit Vectors 2013, 6:62.10.1186/1756-3305-6-62
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Franklinos LHV, Jones KE, Redding DW, Abubakar I: The effect of global change on mosquito-borne disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2019, 19:e302-e312.10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30161-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Semenza JC, Suk JE: Vector-borne diseases and climate change: a European perspective. FEMS Microbiol Letters 2018, 365:fnx244.10.1093/femsle/fnx244581253129149298
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Mircean V, Dumitrache MO, Györke A, Pantchev N, Jodies R, Mihalca AD, Cozma V: Seroprevalence and geographic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and tick-borne infections (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Ehrlichia canis) in dogs from Romania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012, 12:595-604.10.1089/vbz.2011.091522607068
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Irwin PJ: It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2014, 30:104-112.10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.00124388563
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Vrhovec MG, Pantchev N, Failing K, Bauer C, Travers-Martin N, Zahner H: Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis. Parasitol Res 2017, 116(Suppl 1):131-144.10.1007/s00436-017-5499-628717956
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Imre M, Farkas R, Ilie MS, Imre K, Dărăbuş G: Survey of babesiosis in symptomatic dogs from Romania: occurrence of Babesia gibsoni associated with breed. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013, 4:500-502.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.06.00623994336
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Solano-Gallego L, Sainz Á, Roura X, Estrada-Peña A, Miró G: A review of canine babesiosis: the European perspective. Parasit Vectors 2016, 9:336.10.1186/s13071-016-1596-0490294927289223
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Hinaidy HK, Tschepper P: Babesia canis in a dog in Austria. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 1979, 66:302-304.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Schwendenwein I: Canine babesiosis in Austria - review of clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy with reference to four cases. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 1989, 76:161-164.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Leschnik M, Kirtz G, Tichy A, Leidinger E: Seasonal occurrence of canine babesiosis is influenced by local climate conditions. Int J Med Microbiol 2008, 298:243-248.10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.03.008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Mrljak V, Kuleš J, Mihaljević Ž, Torti M, Gotić J, Crnogaj M, Živičnjak T, Mayer I, Šmit I, Bhide M, Barić Rafaj R: Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017, 17:398-408.10.1089/vbz.2016.199028448211
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Duh D, Tozon N, Petrovec M, Strasek K, Avsic-Zupanc T: Canine babesiosis in Slovenia: molecular evidence of Babesia canis canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Vet Res 2004, 35:363-368.10.1051/vetres:2004018
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Kovačević Filipović MM, Beletić AD, Ilić Božović AV, Milanović Z, Tyrrell P, Buch J, Breitschwerdt EB, Birkenheuer AJ, Chandrashekar R: Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli among clinically healthy outdoor dogs in Serbia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018, 14:117-122.10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.00131014716
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Gabrielli S, Otašević S, Ignjatović A, Savić S, Fraulo M, Arsić-Arsenijević V, Momčilović S, Cancrini G: Canine babesiosis in noninvestigated areas of Serbia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015, 15:535-538.10.1089/vbz.2015.179726348245
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Janjić F, Sarvan D, Tomanović S, Ćuk J, Krstić V, Radonjić V, Kovačević Filipović M, Ajtić J: A short-term and long-term relationship between occurrence of acute canine babesiosis and meteorological parameters in Belgrade, Serbia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019, 10:101273.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.10127331445876
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Hornok S: Allochronic seasonal peak activities of Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis spp. under continental climate in Hungary. Vet Parasitol 2009, 163:366-369.10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.04819410373
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Welc-Faleciak R., Rodo A., Sinski E., Bajer A: Babesia canis and other tick-borne infections in dogs in Central Poland. Vet Parasitol 2009, 166:191-198.10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.03819837515
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Bogdaszewska Z: Range and ecology of Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) in Mazuria focus. III. The influence of temperature and day length on the activity of hungry adult ticks in laboratory conditions. Wiad. Parazytol 2004, 50: 739-745.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. Hubalek Z., Halouzka J, Juricova Z: Host-seeking activity of ixodid ticks in relation to weather variables. J Vector Ecol 2003, 28:159-165.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Hartelt K, Pluta S, Oehme R, Kimmig P: Spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Germany due to global warming. Parasitol Res 2008, 103(Suppl.1):109-116.10.1007/s00436-008-1059-419030892
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Blöschl G, Hall J, Parajka J, Perdigão RAP, Merz B, Arheimer B, Aronica GT, Bilibashi A, Bonacci O, Borga M, Čanjevac I, Castellarin A, Chirico GB, Claps P, Fiala K, Frolova N, Gorbachova L, Gül A, Hannaford J, Harrigan S, Kireeva M, Kiss A, Kjeldsen TR, Kohnová S, Koskela JJ, Ledvinka O, Macdonald N, Mavrova-Guirguinova M, Mediero L, Merz R, Molnar P, Montanari A, Murphy C, Osuch M, Ovcharuk V, Radevski I, Rogger M, Salinas JL, Sauquet E, Šraj M, Szolgay J, Viglione A, Volpi E, Wilson D, Zaimi K, Živković N. Changing climate shifts timing of European floods. Science 2017, 357:588-590.10.1126/science.aan250628798129
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. Blöschl G, Hall J, Viglione A, Perdigão RAP, Parajka J, Merz B, Lun D, Arheimer B, Aronica GT, Bilibashi A, Boháč M, Bonacci O, Borga M, Čanjevac I, Castellarin A, Chirico GB, Claps P, Frolova N, Ganora D, Gorbachova L, Gül A, Hannaford J, Harrigan S, Kireeva M, Kiss A, Kjeldsen TR, Kohnová S, Koskela JJ, Ledvinka O, Macdonald N, Mavrova-Guirguinova M, Mediero L, Merz R, Molnar P, Montanari A, Murphy C, Osuch M, Ovcharuk V, Radevski I, Salinas JL, Sauquet E, Šraj M, Szolgay J, Volpi E, Wilson D, Zaimi K, Živković N: Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods. Nature 2019, 573:108-111.10.1038/s41586-019-1495-631462777
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Máthé A, Vörös K, Papp L, Reiczigel J: Clinical manifestations of canine babesiosis in Hungary (63 cases). Acta Vet Hung 2006, 54:367–385.10.1556/avet.54.2006.3.7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. Kirtz G, Leschnik M, Hooijberg E, Tichy A, Leidinger E: In-clinic laboratory diagnosis of canine babesiosis (Babesia canis canis) for veterinary practitioners in Central Europe. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2012, 40:87-94.10.1055/s-0038-1623628
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Eichenberger RM, Riond B, Willi B, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Deplazes P: Prognostic Markers in Acute Babesia canis Infections. J Vet Intern Med 2016, 30:174-182.10.1111/jvim.13822491365626727465
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. Milanović Z, Ilić A, Andrić JF, Radonjić V, Beletić A, Filipović MK: Acute-phase response in Babesia canis and Dirofilaria immitis co-infections in dogs. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017, 8:907-914.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.07.00928802807
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. Milanović Z, Vekić J, Radonjić V, Ilić Božović A, Zeljković A, Janac J, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Buch J, Chandrashekar R, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Hajduković L, Christopher MM, Kovačević Filipović M: Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019, 33:1686-1694.10.1111/jvim.15537663948231175698
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
32. Maggi RG, Birkenheuer AJ, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB: Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2014, 7:127.10.1186/1756-3305-7-127397296524670154
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
33. Pernzhorn BL: Why is Southern African canine babesiosis so virulent? An evolutionary perspective. Parasit Vectors 2011, 4:51.10.1186/1756-3305-4-51309439421489239
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
34. Hornok S, Edelhofer R, Farkas R: Seroprevalence of canine babesiosis in Hungary suggesting breed predisposition. Parasitol Res 2006, 99:638-642.10.1007/s00436-006-0218-816715235
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
35. Imre M, Farkas R, Ilie MS, Imre K, Hotea I, Morariu S, Morar D, Dărăbuş G: Seroprevalence of Babesia canis infection in clinically healthy dogs from western Romania. J Parasitol 2013, 99:161-163.10.1645/GE-3129.122681255
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
36. Bowman DD, Atkins CE: Heartworm biology, treatment, and control. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009, 39:1127-1158.10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.00319932367
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
37. Fuehrer HP, Auer H, Leschnik M, Silbermayr K, Duscher G, Joachim A: Dirofilaria in Humans, Dogs, and Vectors in Austria (1978-2014)-From Imported Pathogens to the Endemicity of Dirofilaria repens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016, 10:e0004547.10.1371/journal.pntd.0004547487323927196049
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
38. Silaghi C, Beck R, Capelli G, Montarsi F, Mathis A: Development of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in Aedes japonicus and Aedes geniculatus. Parasit Vectors 2017, 10:94.10.1186/s13071-017-2015-x531901128219407
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
39. Čabanová V, Miterpáková M, Valentová D, Blažejová H, Rudolf I, Stloukal E, Hurníková Z, Dzidová M: Urbanization impact on mosquito community and the transmission potential of filarial infection in central Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018, 11:261.10.1186/s13071-018-2845-1593782629690912
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
40. Kerkow A, Wieland R, Koban MB, Hölker F, Jeschke JM, Werner D, Kampen H: What makes the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus feel comfortable in Germany? A fuzzy modelling approach. Parasit Vectors 2019 12:106.10.1186/s13071-019-3368-0641726330871595
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
41. Sassnau R, Daugschies A, Lendner M, Genchi C: Climate suitability for the transmission of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Germany. Vet Parasitol 2014, 205:239-245.10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.03425095735
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
42. Sałamatin RV, Pavlikovska TM, Sagach OS, Nikolayenko SM, Kornyushin VV, Kharchenko VO, Masny A, Cielecka D, Konieczna-Sałamatin J, Conn DB, Golab E: Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Ukraine, an emergent zoonosis: epidemiological report of 1465 cases. Acta Parasitol 2013, 58:592-598.10.2478/s11686-013-0187-x24338324
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
43. Tasić-Otašević SA, Trenkić Božinović MS, Gabrielli SV, Genchi C: Canine and human Dirofilaria infections in the Balkan Peninsula. Vet Parasitol 2015, 209:151-156.10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.01625769471
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
44. Capelli G, Genchi C, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Brianti E, Cardoso L, Danesi P, Fuehrer HP, Giannelli A, Ionică AM, Maia C, Modrý D, Montarsi F, Krücken J, Papadopoulos E, Petrić D, Pfeffer M, Savić S, Otranto D, Poppert S, Silaghi C: Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018, 11:663.10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x629998330567586
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
45. Genchi C, Rinaldi L, Cascone C, Mortarino M, Cringoli G: Is heartworm disease really spreading in Europe? Vet Parasitol 2005, 133:137-148.10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.00915885913
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
46. Krstić M, Gabrielli S, Ignjatović M, Savić S, Cancrini G, Ranđelović G, Momčilović S, Stojnev S, Otašević S: An appraisal of canine and human cases reveals an endemic status of dirofilariosis in parts of Serbia. Mol Cell Probes 2017, 31:37-41.10.1016/j.mcp.2016.08.00527539018
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
47. Cirović D, Penezić A, Pavlović I, Kulišić Z, Cosić N, Burazerović J, Maletić V: First records of Dirofilaria repens in wild canids from the region of Central Balkan. Acta Vet Hung 2014, 62:481-488.10.1556/avet.2014.02125410390
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
48. Gavrilović P, Dobrosavljević I, Vasković N, Todorović I, Živulj A, Kureljušić B, Pavlović I: Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia. Acta Vet Hung 2019, 67:60-69.10.1556/004.2019.00730973268
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
49. Tolnai Z, Széll Z, Sproch Á, Szeredi L, Sréter T: Dirofilaria immitis: an emerging parasite in dogs, red foxes and golden jackals in Hungary. Vet Parasitol 2014, 203:339-342.10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.00424810374
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
50. Sonnberger K, Duscher G.G., Fuehrer HP, Leschnik M: Current trends in canine dirofilariosis in Austria - do we face a pre-endemic status? Parasitol Res 2020, 119:1001-1009.10.1007/s00436-019-06576-4707584332056024
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
51. Duscher G, Feiler A, Wille-Piazzai W, Bakonyi T, Leschnik M, Miterpáková M, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Joachim A: Detection of Dirofilaria in Austrian dogs. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2009, 122:199-203.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
52. Silbermayr K, Eigner B, Joachim A, Duscher GG, Seidel B, Allerberger F, Indra A, Hufnagl P, Fuehrer HP: Autochthonous Dirofilaria repens in Austria. Parasit Vectors 2014, 7:226.10.1186/1756-3305-7-226402615124885284
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
53. Miterpáková M, Valentová D, Čabanová V, Berešíková Ľ: Heartworm on the rise-new insights into Dirofilaria immitis epidemiology. Parasitol Res 2018, 117:2347-2350.10.1007/s00436-018-5912-929774422
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
54. Miterpáková M, Iglódyová A, Čabanová V, Stloukal E, Miklisová D: Canine dirofilariosis endemic in Central Europe-10 years of epidemiological study in Slovakia. Parasitol Res 2016, 115:2389-2395.10.1007/s00436-016-4989-227021185
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
55. Gizzarelli M, Foglia Manzillo V, Ciuca L, Morgoglione ME, El Houda Ben Fayala N, Cringoli G, Oliva G, Rinaldi L, Maurelli MP: Simultaneous Detection of Parasitic Vector Borne Diseases: A Robust Cross-Sectional Survey in Hunting, Stray and Sheep Dogs in a Mediterranean Area. Front Vet Sci 2019, 6:288.10.3389/fvets.2019.00288672717331555672
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
56. Diakou A, Soubasis N, Chochlios T, Oikonomidis IL, Tselekis D, Koutinas C, Karaiosif R, Psaralexi E, TsouloufiTK, Brellou G, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Rallis T: Canine and feline dirofilariosis in a highly enzootic area: first report of feline dirofilariosis in Greece. Parasitol Res 2019, 118:677-682.10.1007/s00436-018-6135-930397776
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
57. Venco L, Marchesotti F, Manzocchi S: Feline heartworm disease: A’Rubik’s-cube-like’ diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J Vet Cardiol 2015, 17(Suppl 1):S190-201.10.1016/j.jvc.2015.08.00426776577
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
58. Dillon AR, Blagburn BL, Tillson M, Brawner W, Welles B, Johnson C, Cattley R, Rynders P, Barney S: Heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD) induced by immature adult Dirofilaria immitis in cats. Parasit Vectors 2017, 10(Suppl 2):514.10.1186/s13071-017-2452-6568843729143661
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
59. Polizopoulou ZS, Koutinas AF, Saridomichelakis MN, Patsikas MN, Leontidis LS, Roubies NA, Desiris AK: Clinical and laboratory observations in 91 dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis in northern Greece. Vet Rec 2000, 146:466-469.10.1136/vr.146.16.46610819132
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
60. Venco L, Manzocchi S, Genchi M, Kramer LH: Heat treatment and false-positive heartworm antigen testing in ex vivo parasites and dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria repens and Angiostrongylus vasorum. Parasit Vectors 2017, 10(Suppl 2):476.10.1186/s13071-017-2444-6568847229143662
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
61. Little S, Saleh M, Wohltjen M, Nagamori Y: Prime detection of Dirofilaria immitis: understanding the influence of blocked antigen on heartworm test performance. Parasit Vectors 2018, 11:186.10.1186/s13071-018-2736-5585964829554955
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
62. Demiaszkiewicz AW, Polańczyk G, Osińska B, Pyziel AM, Kuligowska I, Lachowicz J, Sikorski A: The prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria repens in dogs in the Mazovian Province of central-eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014, 21:701-704.10.5604/12321966.112991825528905
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
63. Genchi C, Kramer L: Subcutaneous dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens): an infection spreading throughout the old world. Parasit Vectors 2017, 10(Suppl 2):517.10.1186/s13071-017-2434-8568844429143643
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
64. Tarello W: Clinical Aspects of Dermatitis Associated with Dirofilaria repens in Pets: A Review of 100 Canine and 31 Feline Cases (1990-2010) and a Report of a New Clinic Case Imported from Italy to Dubai. J Parasitol Res 2011, 2011:578385.10.1155/2011/578385323839422203888
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
65. Mihalca AD, Cazan CD, Sulesco T, Dumitrache MO: A historical review on vector distribution and epidemiology of human and animal leishmanioses in Eastern Europe. Res Vet Sci 2019, 123:185-191.10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.01830682581
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
66. de Vasconcelos TCB, Furtado MC, Belo VS, Morgado FN, Figueiredo FB: Canine susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review upon genetic aspects, considering breed factors and immunological concepts. Infect Genet Evol 2019, 74:103293.10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.00528987807
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
67. Solano-Gallego L, Miró G, Koutinas A, Cardoso L, Pennisi MG, Ferrer L, Bourdeau P, Oliva G, Baneth G: LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors 2011, 4:86.10.1186/1756-3305-4-86312538121599936
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
68. Dujardin JC, Campino L, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Soteriadou K, Mazeris A, Ozbel Y, Boelaert M: Spread of vector-borne diseases and neglect of Leishmaniasis, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2008, 14:1013-1018.10.3201/eid1407.071589260035518598618
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
69. Leschnik M, Löwenstein M, Edelhofer R, Kirtz G: Imported non-endemic, arthropod-borne and parasitic infectious diseases in Austrian dogs. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008, 120(Suppl 4):59-62.10.1007/s00508-008-1077-319066775
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
70. Willi B, Spiri AM, Meli ML, Grimm F, Beatrice L, Riond B, Bley T, Jordi R, Dennler M, Hofmann-Lehmann R: Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland. BMC Vet Res 2015, 11:154.10.1186/s12917-015-0471-0450408826179635
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
71. Maroli M, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, CHarrel RN, Gradoni L: Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniasis and other diseases of public health concern. Med Vet Entomol 2013, 27:123-147.10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x22924419
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
72. Obwaller AG, Karakus M, Poeppl W, Töz S, Özbel Y, Aspöck H, Walochnik J: Could Phlebotomus mascittii play a role as a natural vector for Leishmania infantum? New data. Parasit Vectors 2016, 19:458.10.1186/s13071-016-1750-8499224827542911
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
73. Vaselek S, Ayhan N, Oguz G, Erisoz Kasap O, Savić S, Di Muccio T, Gradoni L, Ozbel Y, Alten B, Petrić D: Sand fly and Leishmania spp. survey in Vojvodina (Serbia): first detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in sand flies and the first record of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908. Parasit Vectors 2017, 10:444.10.1186/s13071-017-2386-z561593028950895
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
74. Colella V, Hodžić A, Iatta R, Baneth G, Alić A, Otranto D: Zoonotic Leishmaniasis, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Emerg Infect Dis 2019, 25:385-386.10.3201/eid2502.181481634646430511917
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
75. Tánczos B, Balogh N, Király L, Biksi I, Szeredi L, Gyurkovsky M, Scalone A, Fiorentino E, Gramiccia M, Farkas R: First record of autochthonous canine leishmaniasis in Hungary. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012, 12:588-594.10.1089/vbz.2011.0906339839622607079
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
76. Tsachev I, Kyriazis ID, Boutsini S, Karagouni E, Dotsika E: First report of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Bulgaria. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci 2010, 34:465-469.10.3906/vet-0905-16
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
77. Dumitrache MO, Nachum-Biala Y, Gilad M, Mircean V, Cazan CD, Mihalca AD, Baneth G: The quest for canine leishmaniasis in Romania: the presence of an autochthonous focus with subclinical infections in an area where disease occurred. Parasit Vectors 2016, 9:297.10.1186/s13071-016-1583-5487563827209427
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
78. Maroli M, Rossi L, Baldelli R, Capelli G, Ferroglio E, Genchi C, Gramiccia M, Mortarino M, Pietrobelli M, Gradoni L: The northward spread of leishmaniasis in Italy: evidence from retrospective and ongoing studies on the canine reservoir and phlebotomine vectors. Trop Med Int Health 2008, 13:256-264.10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01998.x18304273
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
79. Vaselek S, Dvorak V, Hlavackova K, Ayhan N, Halada P, Oguz G, Ivović V, Ozbel Y, Charrel RN, Alten B, Petrić D: A survey of sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) along recurrent transit routes in Serbia. Acta Trop 2019, 197:105063.10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.10506331207207
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
80. Bosnić S, Gradoni L, Khoury C, Maroli M: A review of leishmaniasis in Dalmatia (Croatia) and results from recent surveys on phlebotomine sandflies in three southern counties. Acta Trop 2006, 99:42-49.10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.06.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
81. Lazri T, Duscher G, Edelhofer R, Bytyci B, Gjino P, Joachim A: Arthropod-borne parasites of dogs, especially Leishmania, in the Kosovo and Albania. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008, 120(Suppl 4):54-58.10.1007/s00508-008-1076-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
82. Karkamo V, Kaistinen A, Näreaho A, Dillard K, Vainio-Siukola K, Vidgrén G, Tuoresmäki N, Anttila M: The first report of autochthonous non-vector-borne transmission of canine leishmaniosis in the Nordic countries. Acta Vet Scand 2014, 56:84.10.1186/s13028-014-0084-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
83. Naucke TJ, Lorentz S: First report of venereal and vertical transmission of canine leishmaniosis from naturally infected dogs in Germany. Parasit Vectors 2012, 5:67.10.1186/1756-3305-5-67
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
84. Spada E, Canzi I, Baggiani L, Perego R, Vitale F, Migliazzo A, Proverbio D. 2016. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum and co-infections in stray cats in northern Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016, 45:53-58.10.1016/j.cimid.2016.03.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
85. Pennisi MG, Cardoso L, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Koutinas A, Miró G, Oliva G, Solano-Gallego L: LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors 2015, 8:302.10.1186/s13071-015-0909-z
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
86. Pennisi MG, Persichetti MF: Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog? Vet Parasitol 2018, 251:131-137.10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.01.012
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
87. Pereira M, Valério-Bolas A, Santos-Mateus D, Alexandre-Pires G, Santos M, Rodrigues A, Rocha H, Santos A, Martins C, Tomas A, Passero F, da Fonseca IP, Santos-Gomes G: Canine neutrophils activate effector mechanisms in response to Leishmania infantum. Vet Parasitol 2017, 248:10-20.10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
88. Chitimia-Dobler L, Lemhöfer G, Król N, Bestehorn M, Dobler G, Pfeffer M: Repeated isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in an endemic area in Germany. Parasit Vectors 2019, 12:90.10.1186/s13071-019-3346-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
89. Leschnik MW, Kirtz GC, Thalhammer JG: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in dogs. Int J Med Microbiol 2002, 291(Suppl33-):66-69.10.1016/S1438-4221(02)80014-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
90. Leschnik MW, Benetka V, Url A, Pakozdy A, Thaller D, Bilek A, Skerlak R, Möstl K: Viral encephalitis in dogs in Austria: diagnostic and epidemiological aspects. Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr 2008, 95:190-199.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
91. Duscher GG, Leschnik M, Fuehrer HP, Joachim A: Wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in Austria. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2014, 4:88-96.10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
92. Daniel M, Danielová V, Kříž B, Růžek D, Fialová A, Malý M, Materna J, Pejčoch M, Erhart J: The occurrence of Ixodes ricinus ticks and important tick-borne pathogens in areas with high tick-borne encephalitis prevalence in different altitudinal levels of the Czech Republic Part I. Ixodes ricinus ticks and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2016, 65:118-128.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
93. Levanov L, Vera CP, Vapalahti O: Prevalence estimation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) antibodies in dogs from Finland using novel dog anti-TBEV IgG MAb-capture and IgG immunofluorescence assays based on recombinant TBEV subviral particles. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016, 7:979-982.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.05.002
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
94. Lukan M, Bullova E, Petko B: Climate warming and tick-borne encephalitis, Slovakia. Emerg Infect Dis 2010, 16:524-526.10.3201/eid1603.081364
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
95. Stadtbäumer K, Leschnik MW, Nell B: Tick-borne encephalitis virus as a possible cause of optic neuritis in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2004, 7:271-277.10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.04030.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
96. Furness RW, Furness EN: Ixodes ricinus parasitism of birds increases at higher winter temperatures. J Vector Ecol 2018 43:59-62.10.1111/jvec.12283
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
97. Klimeš J, Juřicová Z, Literák I, Schánilec P, Trachta e Silva E: Prevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis and West Nile flaviviruses and the clinical signs of tick-borne encephalitis in dogs in the Czech Republic. Vet Record 2001, 148:17-20.10.1136/vr.148.1.17
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
98. Kirtz G, Leschnik M, Leidinger E: Ixodes ricinus: Dangerous for dogs! Kleintierpraxis 2001, 46:151-160.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
99. Reiner B, Grasmück S, Steffen F, Djuric N, Schindler T, Müller W, Fischer A: Prevalence of TBE in serum and CSF of dogs with inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS disease. Int J Med Microbiol 2002, 291(Suppl33):234.10.1016/S1438-4221(02)80069-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
100. Csángó PA, Blakstad E, Kirtz GC, Pedersen JE, Czettel B: Tick-borne encephalitis in southern Norway. Emerg Infect Dis 2004, 10:533-534.10.3201/eid1003.020734332277415109431
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
101. Potkonjak A, Petrović T, Ristanović E, Lalić I, Vračar V, Savić S, Turkulov V, Čanak G, Milošević V, Vidanović D, Jurišić A, Petrović A, Petrović V: Molecular Detection and Serological Evidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Serbia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017, 17:813-820.10.1089/vbz.2017.216729064333
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
102. Bajer A, Rodo A, Bednarska M, Mierzejewska E, Welc-Falęciak R: Babesia canis and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) co-infection in a sled dog. Ann Agric Environ Med 2013, 20:426-430.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
103. Weissenböck H, Suchy A, Holzmann H: Tick-borne encephalitis in dogs: neuropathological findings and distribution of antigen. Acta Neuropathol 1998, 95:361-366.10.1007/s0040100508119560013
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
104. Beckmann K, Steffen F, Ohlerth S, Kircher PR, Carrera I: Three tesla magnetic resonance imaging findings in 12 cases of canine central European tick-borne meningoencephalomyelitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016, 57:41-48.10.1111/vru.1230326466523
Search in Google Scholar Back to article