The Costs and Hopes of the Anti-Ottoman Warfare: The Case of Moldavia in the Second Half of 1476

Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Simon, Alexandru

doi:10.2478/actatr-2024-0005

Abstract

The paper provides a short overview of a frequently neglected twofold question: what were the costs of anti-Ottoman crusading and what were the profits that one hoped that anti-Ottoman crusading would trigger? The documentary appendix provides some insight into these issues, based on the special case of Stephen III of Moldavia in 1475-1476. He had become the athlete of the Papacy and was to face the might of Sultan Mehmed II. Stephen survived, with (belated) support from Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, his (unwanted) suzerain.

References

Andreescu 1977, Ştefan Andreescu, “L’action de Vlad Ţepeş dans le sud-est de l’Europe en 1476,” Revue des Études Sud-Est Européennes, 15, no. 2 (1977).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Babinger 1963, Franz Babinger,“Lorenzo de’ Medici e la corte ottomana,” Archivio Storico Italiano, 121, no. 2 (1963).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
di Paolo Masini 1666, Antonio di Paolo Masini, Bologna Perlustrata, II (Bologna, 1666).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baczkowski 1989, Kryzstof Baczkowski, “Nieznane listy Baltazara z Piscii do papieża Sykstusa IV z lat 1476-1478 ze zbiorów weneckich”, Prace Historyczne, 89 (1989).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bisaha 2004, Nancy Bisaha, Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks (Philadelphia, PA, 2004).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chambers 1984, David S. Chambers, “Giovanni Pietro Arrivabene (1439-1504): Humanistic Secretary and Bishop,” Aevum, 58, no. 3 (1984).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Halecki 1861, Oskar Halecki, From Florence to Brest (1439-1596) (=Sacrum Poloniae Millenium, 5) (Rome, 1958¹).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Calabro 2016, Giulia Calabro, È gionto qua uno grippo... Notizie da Venezia e dall’Oriente negli inediti dispacci sforzeschi di Leonardo Botta [MA thesis (Università degli Studi di Udine)] (Udine, 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ciocîltan 2016, Alexandru Ciocîltan in Călători străini despre Țările Române, suppl. II, ed. Ștefan Andreescu (Bucharest, 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cusin 1937, Fabio Cusin, Il Confine orientale d’Italia nella politica europea del XIV e XV secolo, II (Milan, 1937).â Filelfo 2018, Francesco Filelfo, Collected Letters. Epistolarum Libri XLVIII (=Hellenica, 54) I-IV (Alessandria: Edizioni del Orso, 2018²).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goldthwaite 1968, Richard A. Goldthwaite, Private Wealth in Renaissance Florence (Princeton, NJ, 1968).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Iorga 1914-1915, Nicolae Iorga, “Veneția în Marea Neagră. III. Originea legăturilor cu Ștefan cel Mare și mediul politic al dezvoltării lor,” AnaleleAcademiei Române. Memoriile Secțiunii Istorice, 2^nd series, 37 (1914-1915).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kronthal 1893, Politische Korrespondenz Breslaus im Zeitalter des Königs Matthias Corvinus (=Scriptores Rerum Silesicarum, 13-14), eds. Berthold Kronthal, Heinrich Wendt, I (Breslau, 1893).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lee 1978, Egmont Lee, Sixtus IV and Men of Letters (=Temi e Testi, 26) (Rome, 1978).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mallett 2003, Michael E. Mallett, “Luigi Guicciardini,” Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 61 (2003).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meserve 2010, Margaret Meserve, “Nestor Denied: Francesco Filelfo’s Advice to Princes on the Crusade against the Turks,” Osiris, 25, no. 1 (2010).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nagy-Nyáry 1876, Iván Nagy, Albert Nyáry, Magyar diplomacziai emlékek. Mátyás király korából 1458-1490 (=Monumenta Hungariae Historica, IV, 1-4), II. [1466-1480] (Budapest, 1876), no. 214.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Papacostea 2006, Şerban Papacostea, “Un humaniste italien au service de Byzance en Europe Centrale,” Études Byzantines et Post-Byzantines, 5 (2006).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paulus 2020, Christof Paulus, Albert Weber, “Venedig und der wilde Osten: Wissen, Rang und Interessenräume im ausgehenden Mittelalter,” Quellen und Forschungen, 100, no. 1 (2020).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Petrucci 2018, Federica Petrucci, El campo è levato da Scutari: la vittoria veneziana contro il Turco e altri avvenimenti nei dispacci sforzeschi di Leonardo Botta (luglio-settembre1474) [MA thesis (Università degli Studi di Trieste)] (Trieste, 2018).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pop 2019-2020, Ioan-Aurel Pop, “The Romanians from Moldavia at the Jubilee in Rome (1475),” Il Mar Nero, 9-10 (2019-2020).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pop 2020, Ioan-Aurel Pop, “Atletul Ștefan și românii ca protagoniști la Marea Neagră în epistole semnate de papa Sixt al IV-lea și de umanistul Francesco Filelfo (1475-1476),” in Spre pământul făgăduinței, între Balcani și Bugeac. Omagiu Doamnei Profesoare Elena Siupiur la împlinirea vârstei de 80 de ani, eds. Daniel Cain, Aneta Mihaylova, Roumiana L. Stantcheva, Andrei Timotin (Brăila, 2020).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pop-Simon 2021, Ioan-Aurel Pop, Alexandru Simon, “Crusading in the Time of the Plague: The Arbitrage of Foligno (September 1476)”, Revue Roumaine d’Histoire, 60, nos. 1-4 (2021).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pop-Simon 2023, Ioan-Aurel Pop, Alexandru Simon, “Sabotaj al cruciadei antiotomane sau necesitate politică italiană? Un raport al lui Leonardo Botta din 27 iulie 1475,” Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Medie, 39 (2023).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Przezdziecki 1887, [Jan Długosz,] Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae (=Jan Dlugosii Senioris Canonici Cracoviensis Opera omnia, X-XIV), ed. Alexander Przezdziecki, V (Krakow: 1887).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simon 2009, Alexandru Simon, “The Costs and Benefits of Anti-Ottoman Warfare: Documents on the Case of Moldavia. 1475-1477,” Revue Roumaine d’Histoire (Bucarest), 48, nos. 1-2 (2009).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simon 2012, Alexandru Simon, “Valahii de la Marea Neagră și valahii din Ungaria în cruciada anului 1476,” Revista Istorică, NS, 22, nos. 3-4 (2012).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simon 2013, Alexandru Simon, “Pellegrini ed atleti del Signore ai confini della cristianità: Skanderbeg, Stefano III di Moldavia e le loro relazioni con Roma e Venezia,” Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome-Moyen Age, 125, no. 1 (2013).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simon 2015, Alexandru Simon, “Cruciada din Moldova într-un raport venețian din 1476: note asupra unui document,” in Istoria ca datorie: omagiu academicianului Ioan-Aurel Pop, eds. Ioan Bolovan, Ovidiu Ghitta (Cluj-Napoca, 2015).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Simon 2021, Alexandru Simon, “Catedralele Cetăţii Albe, Armenopolis-ul Moldovei,” in Spațiul sacru în orașul medieval: perspective arheolo-gice și istorice, ed. Maria Crîngaci Ţiplic (Cluj-Napoca, 2021), 35-57.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thallóczy 1913, Lajos Thallóczy, Frammenti relativi alla storia dei paesi situati all’Adria (offprint Archaeografo Triestino, 3^rd series, VII,1) (Trieste, 1913).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Theiner 1859, Augustin Theiner, Vetera monumenta historica Hungariam sacram illustrantia, II. Ab Innocentio PP. VI. usque ad Clementem PP. VII. 1352-1526 (Rome, 1859), no. 636.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Veress 1914, Acta et epistolae relationum Transylvaniae Hungariaeque cum Moldavia et Valachia (=Fontes Rerum Transsylvanicarum, 4, 6), ed. Endre Veress, I. 1468-1540 (Budapest, 1914), no. 19
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
von Pastor 1906, Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, IV. [1464-1484] (London, 1906³).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Virgilio 2015, Carlo Virgilio, Florence, Byzantium and the Ottomans (1439-1481). Politics and Economics [PhD Thesis (University of Birmingham)], (Birmingham, 2015).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Xenopol 1907, [A. D. Xenopol,] “Un nou document privitor la Ștefan cel Mare,” Arhiva, 18, nos. 7-8 (1907).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

The Costs and Hopes of the Anti-Ottoman Warfare: The Case of Moldavia in the Second Half of 1476

Abstract

Paradigm

My account