Some Aspects of Good Practice for Safe Use of Wi-Fi, Based on Experiments and Standards

Gorbāns, Imants; Jurenoks, Aleksejs

doi:10.2478/acss-2019-0020

Abstract

The aim of the research is to study the effect of microwave Wi-Fi radiation on humans and plants. The paper investigates national standards for permissible exposure levels to microwave radiation, measures electric field intensity and justifies the point of view regarding the safe use of microwave technologies based on multiple plant cultivation experiments at different distances from a Wi-Fi router. The results demonstrate that the radiation of Wi-Fi routers significantly impairs the growth, development, yield and unexpected drought resistance of plants at short distances from the microwave source (up to 1 m to 2 m; –33 dBm to –43 dBm; >10 V/m). Slight effects are found up to about 4.5 m from a full-power home Wi-Fi router. As a result, suggestions are made for safe and balanced use of modern wireless technologies, which can complement occupational safety and health regulations.

References

[1] World Health Organization. IARC Classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans, Press release No. 208, May 2011. Available: https://www.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf. [Accessed: 12 December 2019].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] IEEE SA. IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual. Available: https://standards.ieee.org/develop/policies/opman/sect8.html. [Accessed: 12 December 2019].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Liptai P., Moravec M., Badida M., “Analysis and Comparison of Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by the Selected Equipment,” in 13th GeoConference on Ecology, Economics, Education and Legislation, Slovakia, 2013, vol. 1, pp. 17–20. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/be5.v1/s20.00310.5593/SGEM2013/BE5.V1/S20.003
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] E-Group. 10 Shocking Facts about the Health Dangers of WiFi Global Health Center. Available: http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/natural-health/10-shocking-facts-health-dangers-wifi/. [Accessed: 12 December 2019].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Yüksel M., Nazıroğlu M., Özkaya M. O., “Long-Term Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi Devices Decreases Plasma Prolactin, Progesterone, and Estrogen Levels but Increases Uterine Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Rats and Their Offspring,” Endocrine, vol. 52, iss. 2, pp. 352–362, May 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0795-310.1007/s12020-015-0795-326578367
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Rahn M., Factor Analysis: A Short Introduction, Part 1, The Analysis Factor. Available: http://www.theanalysisfactor.com/factor-analysis-1-introduction/. [Accessed: 12 October 2019].10.4135/9781544339900.n4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Akdag M. Z., Dasdag S., Canturk F, Karabulut D., Caner Y., Adalier N., “Does Prolonged Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Wi-Fi Devices Induce DNA Damage in Various Tissues of Rats?” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 75, pp. 116–122, Sep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.01.00310.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.01.00326775760
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Shokri S., Soltani A., Kazemi M., Sardari M., Mofrad M. B., “Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study,” Cell Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 322–331, 2015. https://doi.org/10.22074/cellj.2016.3740
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Bhavanarayana B., Basha S. K., Manohar P., “Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on Male Reproduction,” Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci., pp. 3917–3926, Oct. 2014.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Nazıroğlu M., Yüksel M., Köse S. A., Özkaya M. O., “Recent Reports of WiFi and Mobile Phone-Induced Radiation on Oxidative Stressand Reproductive Signaling Pathways in Females and Males,” The Journal of Membrane Biology, vol. 246, no. 12, pp. 869–875, Oct. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9597-910.1007/s00232-013-9597-924105626
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Dasdag S., Taş M., Akdag M. Z., Yegin K., “Effect of Long-Term Exposure of 2.4 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Wi-Fi Equipment on Testes Functions,” Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 37–42, Jan. 2014. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2013.86975210.3109/15368378.2013.86975224460421
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] The European Council. Council Directive 2013/25/EU of 13 May 2013. Available: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2013/25/oj. [Accessed: 12 December 2019].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] RSU. Vadlīnijas. Darba aizsardzības prasības nodarbināto aizsardzībai pret elektromagnētiskā lauka radīto risku darba vidē, Rīga, 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Douglas R. Mind control by cell phone. Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 2019. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mind-control-by-cell/ [Accessed: 12 December 2019].
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Some Aspects of Good Practice for Safe Use of Wi-Fi, Based on Experiments and Standards

Abstract

Paradigm

My account