The current research brings introductory data to phytochemical composition and biological potential of the methanolic extract derived from the aerial parts of Aaronsohnia factorovskyi. In vitro testing was conducted to evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. The total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of the extract were estimated as 52.46 ± 5.93 mg GAE g–1 and 19.01 ± 2.50 mg QE g–1, resp. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis disclosed 14 chromatographic peaks corresponding to 19 putatively identified compounds, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, lignans, saponins and fatty acids. The antioxidant efficacy was evaluated using DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, as total antioxidant capacity equals to 12.31 ± 2.33 mg g–1 and 17.40 ± 0.96 mg g–1, resp. In vitro testing of the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated characteristic concentrations for 50 % inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes of 20.85 ± 0.73 µg mL–1 and 8.25 ± 0.29 µg mL–1 against COX-1 and COX-2, resp. Moreover, the extract displayed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with concentration for 50 % inhibition of 0.243 ± 0.009 mg mL–1 and 0.275 ± 0.01 mg mL–1, resp. Molecular docking studies further supported these findings highlighting the strong binding of yamogenin 3-O-neohesperidoside, convallasaponin A and baicalin to α-glucosidase and α-amylase active sites, as evidenced by their high binding affinities that are comparable to that of the co-crystallized ligands. Altogether, these findings recommend A. factorovskyi as a promising source for bioactive constituents.
© 2025 Elham Amin, Ahlam Elwekeel, Reema I. Aljasir, Nujud H. Alharbi, Razan A. Alkhamis, Ghadeer L. Alfuhaydi, Dalia F. Alhabeeb, Enas I. A. Mohamed, Marwa H. A. Hassan, published by Croatian Pharmaceutical Society
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