References
- J. P. Desborough, The stress response to trauma and surgery, Br. J. Anaesth. 85 (2000) 109–117; https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.1.109
- C. C. Finnerty, N. T. Mabvuure, A. Ali, R. A. Kozar and D. N. Herndon, The surgically induced stress response, J. Parenter. Enter. Nutrition 37(5) (2013) 21S–29S; https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607113496117
- D. J. Betteridge, What is oxidative stress?, Metabolism 49(2) (2000) 3–8; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(00)80077-3
- B. Kücükakin, I. Gögenur, R. J. Reiter and J. Rosenberg, Oxidative stress in relation to surgery: is there a role for the antioxidant melatonin?, J. Surg. Res. 152(2) (2009) 338–347; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.753
- A. Sparks and J. R. Stewart, Review of pain management in thoracic surgery patients, J. Anesth. Clin. Res. 9(4) (2018) Article ID 817 (3 pages); https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6148.1000817
- P. M. Heerdt and D. F. Stowe, Single-lung ventilation and oxidative stress: a different perspective on a common practice, Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 30(1) (2017) 42–49; https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000410
- B. Shelley, A. Macfie and J. Kinsella, Anesthesia for thoracic surgery: a survey of UK practice, J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 25(6) (2011) 1014–1017; https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2011.06.018
- S. C. Manion and T. J. Brennan, Thoracic epidural analgesia and acute pain management, Anesthesiology 115(1) (2011) 181–188; https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318220847c
- P. S. Chue and J. A. Chue, A review of the clinical uses of dexmedetomidine, Int. Clin. Anesthesiol. 5(4) (2017) Article ID 1080 (5 pages); https://doi.org/10.47739/2333-6641/1080
- C. R. Patel, S. R. Engineer, B. J. Shah and S. Madhu, Effect of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomi-dine on perioperative haemodynamic changes and postoperative recovery: A study with entropy analysis, Indian J. Anaesth. 56(6) (2012) 542–546; https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.104571
- S. Junichi and M. Daqing, Can dexmedetomidine protect against surgical stress response?, Clin. Transl. Med. 10 (2020) e96 (2 pages); https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.96
- K. Wang, M. Wu, J. Xu, C. Wu, B. Zhang, G. Wang and D. Ma, Effects of dexmedetomidine on peri-operative stress, inflammation, and immune function: systematic review and meta-analysis, Br. J. Anaesth. 123(6) (2019) 777–794; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.027
- M. H. Kim, K. Y. Lee, S. J. Bae, M. Jo and J. S. Cho, Intraoperative dexmedetomidine attenuates stress responses in patients undergoing major spine surgery, Minerva Anestesiol. 85(5) 2018 468–477; http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12992-0
- S. Naaz and E. Ozair, Dexmedetomidine in current anaesthesia practice – a review, J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 8(10) (2014) GE01–4; https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/9624.4946
- X. Zeng, J. Jiang, L. Yang and W. Ding, Epidural dexmedetomidine reduces the requirement of propofol during total intravenous anaesthesia and improves analgesia after surgery in patients undergoing open thoracic surgery, Sci. Rep. 7(1) (2017) Article ID 3992 (9 pages); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04382-5
- M. M. Elshal, R. M. Gamal, A. M. Ahmed, N. M. Gouda and M. M. Abdelhaq, Efcacy of adding dexmedetomidine as adjuvant with bupivacaine in ultrasoundguided erector spinae plane block for post thoracotomy pain: Randomized controlled study, Egypt. J. Anaesth. 37 (2021) 425–431; https://doi.org/10.1080/11101849.2021.1975973
- D. Agamohammdi, M. Montazer,M. Hoseini, M. Haghdoost and H. Farzin, A comparison of continuous thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine versus bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for pain control in patients with multiple rib fractures, Anesth. Pain Med. 8(2) (2018) e60805 (7 pages); https://doi.org/10.5812/aapm.60805
- B. Cekic, S. Geze, G. Ozkan, A. Besir, M. Sonmez, S. C. Karahan and A. Mentese, The effect of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress during pneumoperitoneum, Biomed. Res. Int. 2014 (2014) Article ID 760323 (5 pages); http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/760323
- S. Gao, Y. Wang, J. Zhao and A. Su, Effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on heme oxygenase-1 expression and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 8(3) (2015) 3144–3149; www.ijcep.com/ISSN:1936-2625
- L. Yu, X. Shen and H. Liu, The effect and safety of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in erector spinae plane block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, BMC Anesthesiol. 23(1) (2023) Article ID 61 (11 pages); http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02019-x
- T. Rhen and J. A. Cidlowski, Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids – new mechanisms for old drugs, N. Engl. J. Med. 353(16) (2005) 1711–1723; https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050541
- Y. Y. Jo, J. H. Yoo, H. J. Kim and H. K. Kil, The effect of epidural administration of dexamethasone on postoperative pain: a randomized controlled study in radical subtotal gastrectomy, Korean J. Anesthesiol. 61(3) (2011) 233–237; https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2011.61.3.233
- B. Jebaraj, P. Khanna, D. K. Baidya and S. Maitra, Efficacy of epidural local anesthetic and dexamethasone in providing postoperative analgesia: A meta-analysis, Saudi J. Anaesth. 10(3) (2016) 322–327; https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.179096
- H. F. Khafagy, A. I. Refaat, H. H. El-Sabae and M. A. Youssif, Efficacy of epidural dexamethasone versus fentanyl on postoperative analgesia, J. Anesth. 24(4) (2010) 531–536; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-0949-7
- S. Thomas and S. Beevi, Epidural dexamethasone reduces postoperative pain and analgesic requirements, Can. J. Anaesth. 53(9) (2006) 899–905; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03022833
- A. F. Hefni, M. S. Mahmoud and A. A. Al Alim, Epidural dexamethasone for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: A dose ranging and safety evaluation study, Saudi J. Anaesth. 8(3) (2014) 323–327; https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.136420
- M. R. Razavizadeh, M. R. Fazel, N. Heydarian and F. Atoof, Epidural dexamethasone for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy: A comparative study, Pain Res. Manag. 2017 (2017) Article ID 7649458 (6 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7649458
- N. Y. Kim, T. D. Kwon, S. J. Bai, S. H. Noh, J. H Hong, H. Lee and K. Y. Lee, Effects of dexmedetomi-dine in combination with fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia on pain attenuation after open gastrectomy in comparison with conventional thoracic epidural and fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, Int. J. Med. Sci. 14(10) (2017) 951–960; https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.20347
- A. Gurbet, E. Basagan-Mogol. G. Turker, F. Ugun, F. N. Kaya and B. Ozcan, Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements, Can. J. Anaesth. 53(7) (2006) 646–652, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021622
- J. M. Hong, K. H. Kim, H. J. Lee, J. Y. Kwon, H. K. Kim, H. J. Kim, A. R. Cho, W. S. Do and H. S. Kim, Epidural dexamethasone influences postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery, Pain Physician. 20(4) (2017) 261–269.
- X. Zeng, H. Wang, X. Xing, Q. Wang and W. Li, Dexmedetomidine protects against transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats, PLoS ONE 11(3) (2016) e0151620 (15 pages); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151620
- H. A. Nounou, M. M. Deif and M. Arafah, The influence of dexamethasone and the role of some antioxidant vitamins in the pathogenesis of experimental bronchial asthma, J. Exp. Pharmacol. 2 (2010) 93–103; https://doi.org/10.2147/jep.s8313
- E. Seljeskog, T. Hervig and M. A. Mansoor, A novel HPLC method for the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). A comparison with a commercially available kit, Clin. Biochem. 39(9) (2006) 947–954; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.03.012
- I. Duka, M. Gerić, G. Gajski, M. Friščić, Ž. Maleš, A-M. Domijan and P. Turčić, Optimization of a fast screening method for the assessment of low molecular weight thiols in human blood and plasma suitable for biomonitoring studies, J. Environ. Sci. Health, A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng. 55(3) (2020) 275–280; https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2019.1687236
- A-M. Domijan, J. Ralić, S. Radić Brkanac, L. Rumora and T. Žanić-Grubišić, Quantification of malondialdehyde by HPLC-FL – application to various biological samples, Biomed. Chromatogr. 29(1) (2015) 41–46; https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3361
- I. Dalle-Donne, R. Rossi, D. Giustarini, A. Milzani and R. Colombo, Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative srress, Clin. Chim. Acta 329(1–2) (2003) 23–38; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00003-2
- S. Agarwal, R. Verma, A. Shukla, Hemlata, D. Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Effect of dexmedetomi-dine on hemodynamics in thoracic surgery – A randomized controlled study, J. Clin. Res. Appl. Med. 1(1) (2021) 2–6; https://doi.org/10.5530/jcram.1.1.2
- Y. Zhao, J. He, N. Yu, C. Jia and S. Wang, Mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in neuropathic pain, Front Neurosci. 14 (2020) 330–430; https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00330
- M. A. Hamed, O. S. Fargaly, R. A. Abdelghaffar, M. A. Moussa and M. F. Algyar, The role of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for high-thoracic erector spinae plane block for analgesia in shoulder arthroscopy; a randomized controlled study, BMC Anesthesiol. 23 (2023) Article ID 53 (7 pages); https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02014-2
- C. Song and Q. Lu, Effect of dexmedetomidine supplementation for thoracoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 17 (2022) Article ID 70 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-022-01803-z
- M. H. Bakri, E. A. Ismail and A. Ibrahim, Comparison of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Korean J. Anesthesiol. 68(3) 2015 254–260; http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2015.68.3.254
- A. Mazy, M. Gad and M. Bedairy, Preperitoneal postcesarean section bupivacaine analgesia: Comparison between dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants, Saudi J. Anaesth. 12(2) 2018 183–189; https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_450_17
- N. M. Bulow, E. Colpo, R. P. Pereira, E. F. Correa, E. P. Waczuk, M. F. Duarte and J. B. Rocha, Dexmedetomidine decreases the inflammatory response to myocardial surgery under mini-cardiopulmonary bypass, Braz. J. Med. Biol Res. 49(4) (2016) e4646 (7 pages); http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20154646
- J. Pizzorno, Glutathione!, Integr. Med. (Encinitas) 13(1) (2014) 8–12.
- O. M. Ighodaro and O. A. Akinloye, First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid, Alexandria J. Med. 54(4) (2018) 287–293; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001
- S. Li, Y. Yang, C. Yu, Y. Yao, Y. Wu, L. Qian and C. W. Cheung, Dexmedetomidine analgesia effects in patients undergoing dental implant surgery and its impact on postoperative inflammatory and oxidative stress, Oxidat. Med. Cell. Longevity 2015 (2015) Article ID 186736 (11 pages); http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/186736
- B. Schick, B. Mayer, S. Walter, S. Gruss, R. Stitz, P. Stitz and E. Barth, Measurement of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold in critically ill patients – a randomized observational pilot study, BMC Anesthesiol. 21 (2021) Article ID 270 (13 pages); https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-021-01490-8