References
- 1. B. Król-Kogus, D. Głód, M. Krauze-Baranowska and I. Matławska, Application of one-and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography methodologies for the analysis of C-glycosylflavones from fenugreek seeds, J. Chrom. A 1367 (2014) 48–56; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.039
- 2. J. Wang, W. Jiang, Z. Liu, T. Fu and Y. Wang, Analysis and identification of chemical constituents of fenugreek by UPLC-IT-MSn and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 33 (2017) 721–730; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-017-7136-4
- 3. V. Mathur and N. K. Mathur, Fenugreek and other lesser known legume galactomannan-polysaccharides: Scope for developments, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 64 (2005) 475–481.
- 4. X. Pang, L. Kang, H. Yu, Y. Zhao, C. Xiong, J. Zhang, J. Shan and B. P. Ma, Rapid isolation of new furostanol saponins from fenugreek seeds based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, J. Sep. Sci. 35 (2012) 1538–1550; https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200020
- 5. X. Pang, Y. Cong, H. S. Yu, L. P. Kang, B. Feng, B. X. Han, Y. Zhao, C. Xiong, D. Tan, W. Song, B. Liu, Y. Cong and B. P. Ma, Spirostanol saponins derivated from the seeds of Trigonella foenumgraecum by α-glucosidase hydrolysis and their inhibitory effects on rat platelet aggregation, Planta Med. 78 (2012) 276–285; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1280373
- 6. L. P. Kang, Y. Zhao, X. Pang, H. S. Yu, C. Q. Xiong, J. Zhang, Y. Gao, K. Yu, C. Liu and B. Ma, Characterization and identification of steroidal saponins from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography and hybrid time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 74 (2013) 257–267; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.005
- 7. T. Murakami, A. Kishi, H. Matsuda and M. Yoshikawa, Medicinal foodstuffs. XVII. Fenugreek seed. (3): Structures of new furostanol-type steroid saponins, trigoneosides Xa, Xb, XIb, XIIa, XIIb, and XIIIa, from the seeds of egyptian Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48 (2000) 994–1000; https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.994
- 8. M. Yoshikawa, T. Murakami, H. Komatsu, N. Murakami, J. Yamahara and H. Matsuda, Medicinal foodstuffs. IV. Fenugreek seed. (1): Structures of trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb, new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Indian Trigonella foenum-graecum L, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 45 (1997) 81–87; https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.45.81
- 9. M. Yoshikawa, T. Murakami, H. Komatsu, J. Yamahara and H. Matsuda, Medicinal foodstuffs. VIII.1 Fenugreek seed. (2): Structures of six new furostanol saponins, trigoneosides IVa, Va, Vb, VI, VIIb, and VIIIb, from the seeds of Indian Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Heterocycles 47 (1998) 397–405; https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.199816214
- 10. X. Pang, H. S. Yu, L. P. Kang, B. Feng, Y. Zhao, C. Q. Xiong, D. W. Tan D, W. Song W, B. Liu and B. P. Ma, Two new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 13 (2011) 611–617; https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.579073
- 11. R. K. Gupta, D. C. Jain and R. S. Thakur, Furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, Phytochemistry 24 (1985) 2399–2401; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83050-2
- 12. V. K. Saxena and A. Shalem, Yamogenin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl (1®4)-O-α-D-xylopyranoside from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, J. Chem. Sci. 116 (2004) 79–82; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02708199
- 13. T. Kawasaki, T. Komori and K. Miyahara, Furostanol bisglycosides corresponding to dioscin and gracillin, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22 (1974) 2164–2175; https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.22.2164
- 14. H. Hibasami, H. Moteki, K. Ishikawa, H. Katsuzaki, K. Imai, K. Yoshioka, Y. Ishii and T. Komiya, Protodioscin isolated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) induces cell death and morphological change indicative of apoptosis in leukemic cell line H-60, but not in gastric cancer cell line KATO III, Int. J. Mol. Med. 11 (2003) 23–26; https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.11.1.23
- 15. N. G. Bogacheva, V. P. Kiselev and L. M. Kogan, Isolation of 3,26-bisglycoside of yamogenin from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Chem. Nat. Comp. 12 (1976) 242–243.
- 16. R. K. Gupta, D. C. Jain and R. S. Thakur, Furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, Phytochemistry 23 (1984) 2605–2607; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566366
- 17. P. R. Petit, Y. D. Sauvaire, D. M. Hillaire-Buys, O. M. Leconte, Y. G. Baissac, G. R. Ponsin and G. R. Ribes, Steroid saponins from fenugreek seeds: Extraction, purification, and pharmacological investigation on feeding behavior and plasma cholesterol, Steroids 60 (1995) 674–680; https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-128X(95)00090-D
- 18. A. M. Leal-Díaz, L. Santos-Zea, H. C. Martínez-Escobedo, D. Guajardo-Flores, J. A. Gutiérrez-Uribe and S. O. Serna-Saldivar, Effect of Agave americana and Agave salmiana ripeness on saponin content from aguamiel (Agave Sap), J. Agric. Food Chem. 63 (2015) 3924–3930; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00883
- 19. M. Tenon, N. Feuillère, M. Roller and S. Birtić, Rapid, cost-effective and accurate quantification of Yucca schidigera Roezl. steroidal saponins using HPLC-ELSD method, Food Chem. 221 (2017) 1245–1252; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.033
- 20. X. Zhang, J. Liang, J. Liu, Y. Zhao, J. Gao, W. Sun and Y. Ito, Quality control and identification of steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright by fingerprint with HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-ESI-quadrupole/time-of-fight tandem mass spectrometry, J. Pharm. Biol. Anal. 91 (2014) 46–59; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.023
- 21. K. Taketani, S. Hoshino, T. Uemura, T. Goto, N. Takahashi, N. Tsuge and T. Kawada, An efficient purification method for quantitative determinations of protodioscin, dioscin and diosgenin in plasma of fenugreek-fed mice, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 61 (2015) 465–470; https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.61.465
- 22. K. Variya and V. Parmar, A validated high–performance thin–layer chromatographic method for the quantitation of protodioscin in Trigonella foenum–graecum and its herbal formulations, J. Planar. Chromatogr. – Mod. TLC 28 (2015) 458–465; https://doi.org/10.1556/1006.2015.28.6.7
- 23. F. R. Lu, L. Shen, Y. Qin and L. Gao, Clinical observation of Trigonella foenum-graecum saponin combining sulphanylureas on 36 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Chin. J. Integr. Med. 33 (2008) 184–187; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-007-9005-3
- 24. T. Kawabata, M.-Y. Cui, T. Hasegawa, F. Takano and T. Ohta, Anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic steroidal saponin glycosides from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds, Planta Med. 77 (2011) 705–710; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250477
- 25. W. Oleszek and Z. Bialy, Chromatographic determination of plant saponins – An update (2002–2005), J. Chrom. A 1112 (2006) 78–91; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.037
- 26. D. J. Yang, T. J. Lu and L. S. Hwang, Simultaneous determination of furostanol and spirostanol glycosides in Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea spp.) cultivars by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Food Drug Anal. 11 (2003) 271–276.
- 27. G. C. Kite, E. A. Porter and M. S. J. Simmonds, Chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chrom. A 1148 (2007) 177–183; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.012
- 28. J. S. Negi, P. Singh, G. J. N. Pant and M. S. M. Rawat, High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plant saponins: An update 2005-2010, Pharmacogn. Rev. 5 (2011) 155–158; https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.91109
- 29. E. De Combarieu, M. Falzoni, N. Fuzzati, F. Gattesco, A. Giori, M. Lovati and R. Pace, Identification of Ruscus steroidal saponins by HPLC-MS analysis, Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 583–596; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00220-4
- 30. M. Yoshikawa, F. Xu, T. Morikawa, Y. Pongpiriyadacha, S. Nakamura, Y. Asao, A. Kumahara and H. Matsuda, Medicinal flowers. XII. New spirostane-type steroid saponins with antidiabetogenic activity from Borassus flabellifer, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 55 (2007) 308–316; https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.308
- 31. Z. Witkiewicz and J. Kałużna-Czaplińska, Podstawy Chromatografii i Technik Elektromigracyjnych, Wydawnictwo WNT, Warszawa 2012.
- 32. N. Vervoort, D. Daemen and G. Török, Performance evaluation of evaporative light scattering detection and charged aerosol detection in reversed phase liquid chromatography, J. Chrom. A 1189 (2008) 92–100; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.111
- 33. M. Arivalagan, K. K. Gangopadhyay and G. Kumar, Determination of steroidal saponins and fixed oil content in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) genotypes, Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 75 (2013) 110–113; https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.113542
- 34. M. M. Naidu, B. N. Shyamala, J. P. Naik, G. Sulochanamma and P. Srinivas, Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the husk and endosperm of fenugreek seeds, LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 44 (2011) 451–456; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.08.013