TLC densitometric method for screening of lycopsamine in comfrey root (Symphytum officinale L.) extracts using retrorsine as a reference compound
By: Damjan Janeš and Samo Kreft
References
- 1. L. Liberti, D. Brown, T. Flaster, C. Lessing, J. Sutherland and M. Tims, Comfrey, in The Review of Natural Products (Eds. A. DerMarderosian and J. A. Beutler), Wolters Kluwer Health, St. Luis 2006.
- 2. E. Teuscher, G. Willuhn and D. Loew, Symphyti Radix, in Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka (Ed. M. Wichtl), 5th ed., Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 644-646.
- 3. J. Bruneton, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, in Pharmacognosy - Phytochemistry Medicinal Plants, 2nd ed., Intercept Ltd., Andover 1999, pp. 833-848.
- 4. E. Röder and V. Neuberger, Pyrrolizidinalkaloide in Symphytum-Arten, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 128 (1988) 1991-1994.
- 5. C. E. Couet, J. Hopley and A. B. Hanley, Metabolic activation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by human, rat and avocado microsomes, Toxicon 34 (1996) 1058-1061; DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(96)00056-6.
- 6. Y. P. Wang, J. Yan, P. P. Fu and M. W. Chou, Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid, Toxicol. Lett. 155 (2005) 411-420; DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.010.
- 7. R. Chizzola, Rapid sample preparation technique for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts, J. Chromatogr. A 668 (1994) 427-433; DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80135-5.
- 8. U. Zweifel and J. Luethy, Collaborative experiments on the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Symphytum extracts, Pharm. Arch. Helv. 65 (1990) 165-169.
- 9. H. Wagner, U. Neidhardt and G. Tittel, DC- und HPLC-Analyse der Pyrrolizidin-N-oxid-Alkaloide von Symphyti Radix, Planta Med. 41 (1981) 232-239; DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971708.
- 10. C. E. Couet, C. Crews and A. B. Hanley, Analysis, separation, and bioassay of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Nat. Toxins 4 (1996) 163-167; DOI: 10.1002/19960404NT3.
- 11. J. C. Altamirano, S. R. Gratz and K. A. Wolnik, Investigation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in commercial comfrey-containing products and botanical materials by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. AOAC Int. 88 (2005) 406-412.
- 12. H. J. Huizing, F. de Boer and M. Malingré, Preparative ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey, J. Chromatogr. A 214 (1981) 257-262; DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)98534-0.
- 13. T. Mroczek, K. Glowniak and A. Wlaszczyk, Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair highperformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A 949 (2002) 249-262; DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01498-4.
- 14. G. Tittel, H. Hinz and H. Wagner, Quantitative Bestimmung der Pyrrolizidinalkaloide in Symphyti radix durch HPLC, Planta Med. 37 (1979) 1-8; DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1097287.
- 15. J. C. Wuilloud, S. R. Gratze, B. M. Gamble and K. A. Wolnik, Simultaneous analysis of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides in comfrey root by LC-ion trap mass spectrometry, Analyst 129 (2004) 150-156; DOI: 10.1039/B311030C.
- 16. J. M. Betz, R. M. Eppley, W. C. Taylor and D. Andrzejewski, Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial comfrey products (Symphytum sp.), J. Pharm. Sci. 83 (1994) 649-653; DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830511.
- 17. N. H. Oberlies, N.-C. Kim, D. R. Brine, B. J. Collins, R. W. Handy, C. M. Sparacino, M. C. Wani and M. E. Wall, Analysis of herbal teas made from the leaves of comfrey (Symphytum officinale): reduction of N-oxides results in order of magnitude increases in the measurable concentration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Public Health Nutr. 7 (2004) 919-924; DOI: 10.1079/PHN2004624.
- 18. E. Röder, H. Wiedenfeld, R. Kersten and R. Kröger, Determination of open chain pyrrolizidine alkaloids by capillary gas chromatography, Planta Med. 56 (1990) 522; DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-961075.
- 19. G. Aurnhammer, B. Dengler, L. Hörhammer, P. H. List, B. Mühlenbruch, M. Rattenberger, H. Roth, H. J. Roth, R. Schaette, W. Schmid and K.-H. Surborg, Symphytum, in Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis, Sechster Band, Chemikalien und Drogen, Teil B: R, S (Eds. P. H. Lisz and L. Hörhammer), 4th ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 706-710.
- 20. D. Janeš, B. Kalamar and S. Kreft, Improved method for isolation of lycopsamine from roots of comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Nat. Prod. Commun. 7 (2012) 861-862.
- 21. E. Roeder, Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, Curr. Org. Chem. 3 (1999) 557-576.
- 22. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1), Current Step 4 version, November 2005; http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/Step4/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdf; access date December 8, 2013.
Language: English
Page range: 503 - 508
Accepted on: Jun 6, 2014
Published on: Dec 20, 2014
Published by: Croatian Pharmaceutical Society
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2014 Damjan Janeš, Samo Kreft, published by Croatian Pharmaceutical Society
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.