Fig. 1
The most frequently described adipocytokines with some of their effects and roles in metabolism_ From Blüher et al_, 2013 and HILL et al_, 2009
| Adiponectin | Antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory |
|---|---|
| Leptin | Regulation of satiety, appetite, food intake, activity and energy expenditure, fertility, atherogenesis, growth induction |
| Apelin | Inhibition of insulin secretion |
| Vaspin | A serine protease inhibitor reduces food intake, increases hyperglycemia, and insulin-sensitizing effects. |
| Progranulin | Chemoattractant, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation of adipose tissue |
| Chemerin | Chemoattractant, regulation of adipogenesis |
| TNF-α | Proinflammatory, high correlation to BMI |
| IL-6 | Proinflammatory expression increases with age and adiposity, reducing CRP expression in the liver. |
| PAI-1 | Inhibition of plasminogen activators, atherogenesis |
| FABP-4 | Associated with an increased risk of developing DM2, myocardial contractility |
| RBP4 | Associated with the development of insulin resistance, the distribution of visceral fat |
| Nesfatín-1 | Direct insulinotropic glucose-dependent effect on β-cells |
| Visfatín/PBEF/Nampt | Nampt-mediated systemic NAD biosynthesis is critical for β-cell function. |
| MCP-1 | Chemoattractant, adipose tissue inflammation |
| Fetuin-A | Fat-induced inflammatory reactions, insulin resistance, progression of oncological processes |
| Omentin | Anti-inflammatory increases insulin sensitivity |
| DPP-4 | Degradation of GIP and GLP-1 inhibitors in clinical trials for DM2 |
| Clusterin | Promotion of progression of oncological processes and angiogenesis |
| Acylation stimulating protein | Anabolic effect – affects the degree of synthesis of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue. |
| Transforming growth factor β | Increased secretion is related to increasing BMI and inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. |
| Adrenomedullin | Wide range of action: effective vasodilator, inhibits insulin secretion, anti-apoptotic effect |