Table 1
Depicting various categories and cellularity
| CATEGORY | Number of cases | % of cases | Hypercellular marrow: 30 Percentage % | Hypocellular Marrow: 10 Percentage % | Normocellular Marrow: 10 Percentage % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Megaloblastic marrow | 24 | 48 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed nutritional (dimorphic) | 10 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| hypersplenism | 2 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| MDS | 1 | 2 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| MM | 1 | 2 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Acute leukaemia | 3 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Hemolytic anaemia | 1 | 2 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Dengue fever | 2 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| aplastic | 4 | 8 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| unclassifiable | 2 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
Table 2
Association between Pancytopenia etiology and Haematological Parameters
| Hb % (gm/dl) | TLC (cells/mm3) | Platelet (cells/mm3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Megaloblastic anaemia associated with pancytopenia | 2–10 | 500–4000 | 26000–1,50,000 |
| Nutritional anaemia (mixed) | 2.3–7.8 | 1000–4000 | 5000–1,40,000 |
| Aplastic anaemia associated with pancytopenia | 3.1–10 | 1100–4000 | 5100–1,50,000 |
| Hypersplenism | 3.8–10 | 1700–3800 | 26,000–1,40,000 |
| Leukaemia associated with pancytopenia | 5.1–9.3 | 1100–4000 | 26000–89000 |
Fig. 1
a. Bone Marrow Set. b. Erythroid Hyperplasia (100x). c. Megakaryocytes (100x). d. Aplastic anaemia (100x). e. Microcytic Hypochromia with Neutrophils (100x). f. Erythroid Hyperplasia (100x). g. Plasma Cells (100x). h. Megaloblasts with Mitosis (100x).
Table 3
Causes of pancytopenia in various studies
| Study | Country | Year | No. of cases | Commonest cause | Second most common cause |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retief FP, Heyns AD8 | South Africa | 1976 | 195 | Bone marrow failure (67.7%) | Severe infection (9.7%) |
| Imbert M et al9 | Europe | 1989 | 213 | Malignant myeloid disorders (42%) | Malignant lymphoid disorders (18%) |
| Varma N, Dash S10 | India | 1992 | 202 | Aplastic anaemia (40.6%) | Megaloblastic anaemia (23.26%) |
| Tilak V, Jain R5 | India | 1998 | 77 | Megaloblastic anaemia (68%) | Aplastic anaemia (7.7%) |
| Khodke et al.11 | India | 2001 | 166 | Hypoplastic anaemia (29.51%) | Megaloblast ic anaemia (22.3%) |
| Naeem Khan M et al.12 | Pakistan | 2001 | 30 | Aplastic anaemia (20%) | Megaloblastic anaemia (16.7%) |
| Kumar R et al.13 | India | 2001 | 166 | Aplastic anaemia (29.5%) | Megaloblastic anaemia (22.3%) |
| Osama Ishtiaq et al.14 | Pakistan | 2002 | 100 | Megaloblastic anaemia (39%) | Hypersplenism (19%) |
| Mobina et al.15 | Pakistan | 2005 | 392 | Megaloblastic anaemia (35.95%) | Hypersplenism (16.3%) |
| Jha et al.16 | Nepal | 2008 | 148 | Hypoplastic anaemia (29.5%) | Megaloblastic anaemia (23.64%) |
| Varma A et al17 | India | 2018 | 251 | Megaloblastic anaemia (48.5%) | Dimorphic anaemia (17.8%) |
| Present study | India | 2022 | 50 | Megaloblastic anaemia (48.9%) | Nutritional anaemia (22.2%) |