Have a personal or library account? Click to login

New Approaches to Comprehensive Electrochemical Processing of Sulfate-Chloride High-Mineralized Wastewater Treatment Residues

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
Volume 16 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Oct 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on electrolysis time of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (625 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cation membrane MC-40; anion membrane MA-41) at a current density of 6.62 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 57.9%; ALEmid = 18.2%)
Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on electrolysis time of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (625 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cation membrane MC-40; anion membrane MA-41) at a current density of 6.62 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 57.9%; ALEmid = 18.2%)

Figure 2.

Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (590 mg-eq/dm3) solution in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40; anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid=55.2%; ALEmid=17.3%)%)
Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (590 mg-eq/dm3) solution in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40; anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid=55.2%; ALEmid=17.3%)%)

Figure 3.

Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (590 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a two-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 13.0%; ALEmid = 13.4%)
Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and current efficiency on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate (324 mg-eq/dm3) and sulfuric acid (590 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a two-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 13.0%; ALEmid = 13.4%)

Figure 4.

Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and acid current efficiency on the electrolysis time of sodium sulfate (408 mg-eq/dm3), magnesium sulfate (667 mg-eq/dm3), and sodium sulfate (363 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a two-compartment electrolyzer (MA-41 membrane) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 39.0%)
Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and acid current efficiency on the electrolysis time of sodium sulfate (408 mg-eq/dm3), magnesium sulfate (667 mg-eq/dm3), and sodium sulfate (363 mg-eq/dm3) solutions in a two-compartment electrolyzer (MA-41 membrane) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (ACEmid = 39.0%)

Figure 5.

Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and acid current efficiency during electrolysis in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) and a two-chamber electrolyzer (anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm3 of sodium sulfate solution (450 mg-eq/dm3) and alkali (53 mg-eq/dm3) (ACEmid(6)=50.2%; ALEmid(7)=47.81%; ACEmid(8)=33.4%; ALEmid(9)=27.3%)
Dependence of acidity, alkalinity, and acid current efficiency during electrolysis in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) and a two-chamber electrolyzer (anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm3 of sodium sulfate solution (450 mg-eq/dm3) and alkali (53 mg-eq/dm3) (ACEmid(6)=50.2%; ALEmid(7)=47.81%; ACEmid(8)=33.4%; ALEmid(9)=27.3%)

Figure 6.

Dependence of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and free chlorine content (mCl2) on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution (C=250 mg-eq/dm3), sodium chloride solution (C=517 mg-eq/dm3), and sodium hydroxide solution (C=86 mg-eq/dm3) in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=22.6%; BmidCl−c=1.6%; BmidCl2c=52.4%; ACEmid=24.1%; ALEmid=59.2%)
Dependence of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and free chlorine content (mCl2) on time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution (C=250 mg-eq/dm3), sodium chloride solution (C=517 mg-eq/dm3), and sodium hydroxide solution (C=86 mg-eq/dm3) in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=22.6%; BmidCl−c=1.6%; BmidCl2c=52.4%; ACEmid=24.1%; ALEmid=59.2%)

Figure 7.

Dependency of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and amount of free chlorine (mCl2) on electrolysis time of sodium sulfate solution (C=300 mg-eq/dm3) and sodium chloride solution (C=250 mg-eq/dm3) in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=22.3%; BmidCl−c=1.5%; BmidCl2c = 20.0%; ACEmid=25.0%; ALEmid=37.9%)
Dependency of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and amount of free chlorine (mCl2) on electrolysis time of sodium sulfate solution (C=300 mg-eq/dm3) and sodium chloride solution (C=250 mg-eq/dm3) in a three-chamber electrolyzer (cationic membrane MC-40, anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=22.3%; BmidCl−c=1.5%; BmidCl2c = 20.0%; ACEmid=25.0%; ALEmid=37.9%)

Figure 8.

Dependency of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and amount of free chlorine (mCl2) on electrolysis time of sodium chloride solution (276 mg-eq/dm3) and sodium sulfate solution (250 mg-eq/dm3) in a two-chamber electrolyzer (anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=11.3%; BmidCl−c=0.3%; BmidCl2c =13.0%; ACEmid=11.7%; ALEmid=16.9%)
Dependency of sulfate concentration, chloride concentration, acidity, alkalinity, and amount of free chlorine (mCl2) on electrolysis time of sodium chloride solution (276 mg-eq/dm3) and sodium sulfate solution (250 mg-eq/dm3) in a two-chamber electrolyzer (anionic membrane MA-41) at a current density of 3.97 A/dm2 (BmidS042−=11.3%; BmidCl−c=0.3%; BmidCl2c =13.0%; ACEmid=11.7%; ALEmid=16.9%)

Dependence of acidity (alkalinity) of anodic, cathodic, and working solutions on the time of electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution (C=32 g/dm3), current density, and type of electrolyzer

Electrolysis time, t, hoursNumber of chambersI, A/dm2MembraneCathode zoneAnode zoneWorking zone, concentration (C), mg-eq/dm3
CationicAnionicAcidity, mg-eq/dm3B, %Alkalinity, mg-eq/dm3B, %
IIIIIIIII
3.533.97MC-40MA-41143755.6142654.2-4
4.033.9743782843.642671532.440
3.533.97828109634.271598734.702
4.533.971096144834.9987130131.220
4.033.971448175133.81301157130.106
5.0*36.629101253.6182444.10586
6.023.97-934625.7146834.7--
7.023.97MC-40-940024.9144628.4--
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0044 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 171 - 180
Submitted on: Apr 25, 2023
Accepted on: Jun 19, 2023
Published on: Oct 20, 2023
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
Electrochemical processing,
Electrodialysis,
Spent regenerant solutions,
Sulfate-chloride solutions,
Three-chamber electrolyzers,
Anion membrane,
Cation membrane
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings

© 2023 Tetyana Shabliy, Olena Ivanenko, Sergii Plashykhin, Nonna Pavliuk, Artem Safiants, Dmytro Sidorov, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 16 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)Next article