| Spatial sports facilities | [7] | To comprehend the spatial relationship between the sports facility and its direct surroundings, as well as how sports spaces can be integrated into physical urban settings. | Site visits, focus groups, and interviews | Basketball, gymnastics, skateboarding, and football |
| 25 |
|
| [22] | To what extent do spatial circumstances affect restrictions on sports participants? | Questionnaires | Tennis and swimming |
Accessibility and distance to sports facilities Socio-spatial area features (ex., safety, density, and socio-economic status) | 26 |
|
| [23] | To find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities that can increase sports and physical activity. | Case studies and observation | Skateboarding, DIY sports |
| 24 |
|
| [47] | Determine the factors that play a role in the community's levels of sport participation. | Observation, interview, and documentation studies | Football, Volleyball, Walking, cycling and roller skating |
| 21 |
|
| [37] | To evaluate the effects of planning outdoor sports facilities on sports activities in neighbuorhoods. | GIS and documentation (maps) | N/A |
Inequity in access to outdoor sports facilities Population density Spatial pattern of the facilities Number of outdoor sports facilities unfair distribution of outdoor sports facilities | 22 |
| Organizing and programming | [30] | Analysis of organized sports activities that young people engage in on public playgrounds. | Observation and interviews | Public playgrounds |
Become a place of contrast Alternate orderings Become a place of disconnection and social exclusion Participants function as a heterotopia | 24 |
|
| [7] | To comprehend the programming and organizing relationship between the sports facility and its direct surroundings, as well as how sports spaces can be integrated into physical urban settings. | Site visits, focus groups, and interviews | Basketball, gymnastics, skateboarding, and football |
| 25 |
|
| [31] | To debate the multidimensional process of cultivating a safe space for community events and sports management leverage. | Case studies | N/A |
Physical: accommodating environment, accessibility, provision of security and safety from physical harm psychological/affective: protection from emotional and psychological harm Sociocultural: acceptance, recognition, and familiarity Political: respect for differences, collaborative learning, and dialogue Experimental: experimentation encouraged to happen within the context of a sports event and risk-taking | 23 |
|
| [32] | Explain the growing pressure to use public places for a greater range of events and the repercussions. | Analysis case studies | elite sports events, music festivals, and trade exhibitions |
Ticketed events Restricted access to parks Securitization, commercialization and privatization processes that disturb public spaces Become a place for marketing and revenue generation | 25 |
|
| [23] | Find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities that can increase sports and physical activity. | Case studies and observation | Skating, DIY sports and aerobatics |
| 25 |
|
| [69] | To examine how the use of time and attributes of the physical setting influence adolescents to dropout from sports. | Questionnaires | Football and tennis |
| 25 |
|
| [34] | To examine features of organizing leisure activities and sports and how it relates to determining the utilization of urban public spaces for activities. | Questionnaires | Football, Skateboarding |
Organizing high-frequency same sports Duration, regularity and at any time Sociodemographic variables such as age and sex determine the use of public space | 21 |
|
| [35] | Investigate how informal participation fits into the framework of a policy that aims to increase sports participation. | Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders | N/A |
Currently, rather than encouraging the growth, increase and thriving of informal participation in sports, several actors and organizations act as barriers to it. | 23 |
|
| [48] | To investigate the physical and sociological perspectives of urban residents on the use of streets as open spaces in the Car-free Day Program. | Questionnaires and observation | Football, Volleyball, Walking, cycling and roller skating |
Taking into account the comfort spaces Maintenance Active engagement support Providing safety and clean air spaces by removing cars | 22 |
|
| [33] | Explore how to decrease problematic issues and user conflicts which relate to using public spaces as staging areas for events | Analyses of case studies | Events |
A practical sense is required when trying to adapt public spaces into more suitable, well-prepared venues. Sometimes, however, issues related to designing events are not necessarily resolved. | 23 |
| Environmental factors (adapting and attracting spaces) | [9] | To determine what facilities for light sports can help achieve the objectives of attracting new or “light” sports participants. | Interviews with runners | Running |
Accessibility of facilities Comfortable running surfaces Existing facilities (light, trees, safety, etc.) Proximity to living places, other sporting venues, and sanitary facilities. Provision and maintenance of public facilities | 26 |
|
| [24] | Investigate how attributes of running areas and frequency of running related to the perceived attractiveness or annoyance of the environment. | Questionnaires | Running |
Running in parks and the quality of running surfaces are both positively connected with attractiveness The most frequent irritants are poor lighting, unleashed dogs, cyclists, and cars | 26 |
|
| [25] | Explain the adaptation patterns of sports participants’ utilization of public spaces. | Documentation, observation, and interviews. | Gymnastic community performances, aerobics, and exercises |
Adjustability to possible changes Accessibility by all people Sociocultural factors (social, ecologic, physical, and economic) | 22 |
|
| [23] | Find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities which can increase sports and physical activity. | Case studies and observation | Skating, DIY sports and aerobatic |
Variability and multifunctionality in sports and recreation spaces Adaptation of open spaces over time to meet the changing requirements of the community Aesthetics and interesting designs Proximity to places of residence Accessibility for everyone | 25 |
|
| [27] | Determine whether socio-spatial neighbourhood characteristics and objective physical characteristics are associated with sports participation and location preferences. | Questionnaires | N/A |
| 25 |
|
| [26] | To find planning guidelines and procedures for parks that might best provide space for a given organized sport. | Case study and documentation (map) | N/A |
| 24 |
|
| [28] | To identify the motives and goals of sports participants in public spaces. | Questionnaires | Running |
| 26 |
|
| [49] | To explore or rethink inclusive public space for different groups of society and activities. | Case studies | Various physical activities |
Absence of a temporary change of use (users or activities). Interventions need to adapt to various activities Exclusivity to some groups of people Variety of safety issues | 25 |
|
| [29] | to examine the most recent changes to approaches in public space planning and design in connection to sports activities. | documentation (photographs) and case studies | basketball, skate cycling, football, roller skating |
Promote new ways of using which can improve current spaces for sport Construction of structures that redevelop deteriorated areas Integration with the context | 25 |
