What Factors Influence the Shaping of Urban Public Spaces for Sports Cities? A Systematic Review

Screening Questions	Responses
1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?	Yes	Can't tell	No
2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?	Yes	Can't tell	No
Detailed questions
3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?	Yes	Can't tell	No
4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?	Yes	Can't tell	No
5. Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?	Yes	Can't tell	No
6. Has the relationship between research and participants been adequately considered?	Yes	Can't tell	No
7. Have ethical issues been taken into consideration?	Yes	Can't tell	No
8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? Yes Can't tell	Yes	Can't tell	No
9. Is there a clear statement of findings?	Yes	Can't tell	No
10. How valuable is the research?	Yes	Can't tell	No

Table 2.

Summary of articles reviewed based on promoting sports in urban public spaces

Aspects	Sources	Aims	Data collection and methods	Types of sporting events	Characteristics findings	Quality score out of 28
Spatial sports facilities	[7]	To comprehend the spatial relationship between the sports facility and its direct surroundings, as well as how sports spaces can be integrated into physical urban settings.	Site visits, focus groups, and interviews	Basketball, gymnastics, skateboarding, and football	Location in the city Public access and lockability Accessibility Distance and proximity Relationship with public space Sports size and typology Visibility and opening	25
	[22]	To what extent do spatial circumstances affect restrictions on sports participants?	Questionnaires	Tennis and swimming	Accessibility and distance to sports facilities Socio-spatial area features (ex., safety, density, and socio-economic status)	26
	[23]	To find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities that can increase sports and physical activity.	Case studies and observation	Skateboarding, DIY sports	Proximity to residential areas Accessibility to all, including the disabled	24
	[47]	Determine the factors that play a role in the community's levels of sport participation.	Observation, interview, and documentation studies	Football, Volleyball, Walking, cycling and roller skating	Accessibility Safety Comfortability in sports spaces Health and fitness	21
	[37]	To evaluate the effects of planning outdoor sports facilities on sports activities in neighbuorhoods.	GIS and documentation (maps)	N/A	Inequity in access to outdoor sports facilities Population density Spatial pattern of the facilities Number of outdoor sports facilities unfair distribution of outdoor sports facilities	22
Organizing and programming	[30]	Analysis of organized sports activities that young people engage in on public playgrounds.	Observation and interviews	Public playgrounds	Become a place of contrast Alternate orderings Become a place of disconnection and social exclusion Participants function as a heterotopia	24
	[7]	To comprehend the programming and organizing relationship between the sports facility and its direct surroundings, as well as how sports spaces can be integrated into physical urban settings.	Site visits, focus groups, and interviews	Basketball, gymnastics, skateboarding, and football	Developing sports spaces and facilities Maintenance Program mix and sports chains Multiple uses Policy and target group	25
	[31]	To debate the multidimensional process of cultivating a safe space for community events and sports management leverage.	Case studies	N/A	Physical: accommodating environment, accessibility, provision of security and safety from physical harm psychological/affective: protection from emotional and psychological harm Sociocultural: acceptance, recognition, and familiarity Political: respect for differences, collaborative learning, and dialogue Experimental: experimentation encouraged to happen within the context of a sports event and risk-taking	23
	[32]	Explain the growing pressure to use public places for a greater range of events and the repercussions.	Analysis case studies	elite sports events, music festivals, and trade exhibitions	Ticketed events Restricted access to parks Securitization, commercialization and privatization processes that disturb public spaces Become a place for marketing and revenue generation	25
	[23]	Find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities that can increase sports and physical activity.	Case studies and observation	Skating, DIY sports and aerobatics	Taking into account the diverse needs of different social groups Ensuring the participation of different social groups in the design and organizing process	25
	[69]	To examine how the use of time and attributes of the physical setting influence adolescents to dropout from sports.	Questionnaires	Football and tennis	The distances between home and the sporting venues Participation in two sports at the same time	25
	[34]	To examine features of organizing leisure activities and sports and how it relates to determining the utilization of urban public spaces for activities.	Questionnaires	Football, Skateboarding	Organizing high-frequency same sports Duration, regularity and at any time Sociodemographic variables such as age and sex determine the use of public space	21
	[35]	Investigate how informal participation fits into the framework of a policy that aims to increase sports participation.	Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders	N/A	Currently, rather than encouraging the growth, increase and thriving of informal participation in sports, several actors and organizations act as barriers to it.	23
	[48]	To investigate the physical and sociological perspectives of urban residents on the use of streets as open spaces in the Car-free Day Program.	Questionnaires and observation	Football, Volleyball, Walking, cycling and roller skating	Taking into account the comfort spaces Maintenance Active engagement support Providing safety and clean air spaces by removing cars	22
	[33]	Explore how to decrease problematic issues and user conflicts which relate to using public spaces as staging areas for events	Analyses of case studies	Events	A practical sense is required when trying to adapt public spaces into more suitable, well-prepared venues. Sometimes, however, issues related to designing events are not necessarily resolved.	23
Environmental factors (adapting and attracting spaces)	[9]	To determine what facilities for light sports can help achieve the objectives of attracting new or “light” sports participants.	Interviews with runners	Running	Accessibility of facilities Comfortable running surfaces Existing facilities (light, trees, safety, etc.) Proximity to living places, other sporting venues, and sanitary facilities. Provision and maintenance of public facilities	26
	[24]	Investigate how attributes of running areas and frequency of running related to the perceived attractiveness or annoyance of the environment.	Questionnaires	Running	Running in parks and the quality of running surfaces are both positively connected with attractiveness The most frequent irritants are poor lighting, unleashed dogs, cyclists, and cars	26
	[25]	Explain the adaptation patterns of sports participants’ utilization of public spaces.	Documentation, observation, and interviews.	Gymnastic community performances, aerobics, and exercises	Adjustability to possible changes Accessibility by all people Sociocultural factors (social, ecologic, physical, and economic)	22
	[23]	Find the urban and architectural characteristics of public places in modern cities which can increase sports and physical activity.	Case studies and observation	Skating, DIY sports and aerobatic	Variability and multifunctionality in sports and recreation spaces Adaptation of open spaces over time to meet the changing requirements of the community Aesthetics and interesting designs Proximity to places of residence Accessibility for everyone	25
	[27]	Determine whether socio-spatial neighbourhood characteristics and objective physical characteristics are associated with sports participation and location preferences.	Questionnaires	N/A	The number of sports facilities and the increased percentages of green and blue spaces are strongly related to sports participation in public spaces	25
	[26]	To find planning guidelines and procedures for parks that might best provide space for a given organized sport.	Case study and documentation (map)	N/A	Natural spaces are essential to creating locations that appeal to various recreational users and to the growing number of people who participate in organized sports	24
	[28]	To identify the motives and goals of sports participants in public spaces.	Questionnaires	Running	Green areas Lively running environment Comfortable running surfaces Feelings of safety	26
	[49]	To explore or rethink inclusive public space for different groups of society and activities.	Case studies	Various physical activities	Absence of a temporary change of use (users or activities). Interventions need to adapt to various activities Exclusivity to some groups of people Variety of safety issues	25
	[29]	to examine the most recent changes to approaches in public space planning and design in connection to sports activities.	documentation (photographs) and case studies	basketball, skate cycling, football, roller skating	Promote new ways of using which can improve current spaces for sport Construction of structures that redevelop deteriorated areas Integration with the context	25

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0011 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 13

Submitted on: Oct 11, 2022

Accepted on: Jun 20, 2023

Published on: Jul 20, 2023

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Sports city,

Sport for all,

Public space,

Spatial sports facilities,

Attractive environments,

Organizing and programming

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings

© 2023 Najmaldin Al-Taesh, Katarzyna Ujma-Wąsowicz, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 16 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

What Factors Influence the Shaping of Urban Public Spaces for Sports Cities? A Systematic Review

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