Morphological composition of MSW in the largest cities of Ukraine
| City | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyiv [39] | Kharkiv [40] | Odesa [41] | Dnipro [42] | Zaporizhzhia [43] | Lviv [44] | |
| Population, thsd.persons [32] | 2 967.4 | 1 443.2 | 1017.7 | 990.7 | 731.9 | 724.3 |
| MSW, % | ||||||
| Food | 32.85 | 41.38 | 29.33 | 37.85 | 29.3 | 26 |
| Paper and cardboard | 11.31 | 13.45 | 4.85 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 10 |
| Plastic | 17.64 | 7.67 | 13.02 | 7 | 14.4 | 13 |
| Glass | 10.51 | 7.74 | 23.74 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 4 |
| Metal | 1.75 | 2.87 | 3.84 | 0.45 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Textiles | 3.46 | 3.81 | 2.06 | 3.64 | 12.9 | 8 |
| Wood | 1.02 | 1.67 | 1.64 | 2.79 | 10.9 | 5.5 |
| Unsorted residue | 21.45 | 21.41 | 41.51 | 29.96 | 9.9 | 32 |
Feasibility of construction of Solid WIP and RDF boilers for the largest cities in Ukraine
| # | Cities of Ukraine | Number of People in 2019, thsd. people | Quantity of mixed residual MSW, thsd. tonnes | Heat energy, thsd. Gcal | Number of WIP with heat recovery, Units | Capacity of WIP with heat recovery, thousand tonnes | Biogas, million m3 | Natural gas savings, million m3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSW | RDF | MSW | RDF | MSW | RDF | ||||||
| 1 | Kyiv | 2 967 | 920 | 1000 | 3 | 300 | 130 | ||||
| 2 | Kharkiv | 1 434 | 389 | 435 | 2 | 200 | 55 | ||||
| 3 | Odesa | 1 016 | 436 | 220 | 1 | 200 | 26 | 27 | |||
| 4 | Dnipro | 991 | 281 | 315 | 1 | 300 | 40 | ||||
| 5 | Zaporizhzhia | 732 | 215 | 240 | 1 | 200 | 30 | ||||
| 6 | Lviv | 724 | 204 | 229 | 1 | 200 | 30 | ||||
| Total: | 8 | 1 | 26 | 312 | |||||||
Compliance of the emissions of the 8 Waste-to-Energy plants operating in Poland [19] with the Directive 2010/75/EC [17]
| Polluting substance | Emission limit values, mg/Nm3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Directive 2010/75/EC [18] | 8 WtE plants operating in Poland [19] | |
| Total dust | 10 | 2…4.6 |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 50 | 3.31…29.00 |
| Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as NO2 for existing waste incineration plants with a nominal capacity exceeding 6 tonnes per hour or new waste incineration plants | 200 | 74.85…176.13 |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 50 | 5.4….19.9 |
| Hydrogen chloride (HCl) | 10 | 0.3…2.63 |
| Hydrogen fluoride (HF) | 1 | 0…0.44 |
| Mercury and its compounds, expressed as mercury (Hg) | 0.05 | 0.001…0.005 |
| Cadmium and Thallium and its compounds, expressed as cadmium (Cd) and thallium (Tl) | 0.05 | 0.001…0.023 |
| Antimony, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Manganese, Nickel and Vanadium (Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni + V) | 0.5 | 0.007…0.134 |
| Dioxins and furans | 0.1 | 0.00018...0.0824 |
Feasibility of construction of Solid WIP and RDF boilers for the large cities in Ukraine
| # | Cities of Ukraine | Number of People in 2019, thsd. people | Quantity of mixed residual MSW, thsd. tonnes | Heat energy MSW, thsd. Gcal | Number of WIP with heat recovery, Units | Capacity of Solid WIP with heat recovery, thsd. tonnes | Natural gas savings, million m3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kryvyi Rih | 619 | 214 | 240 | 1 | 200 | 30 |
| 2 | Mykolaiv | 480 | 171 | 192 | 1 | 150 | 18 |
| Total: | 2 | 48 | |||||
Waste Composition by Income Level [8]
| Classified according to World Bank estimates of 2015 GNI per capita, PPP | Waste Composition by Income Level, % | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food and green | Paper and cardboard | Plastic | Glass | Rubber and leather | Wood | Metal | Other | |
| High ($12.476 or more) | 32 | 25 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
| Upper middle ($4.036–$12.475) | 54 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 15 |
| Lower middle ($1.026–$4.035) | 53 | 12,5 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 17 |
| Low ($1.025 or less) | 56 | 7 | 6.4 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 17 |
CO2 emission values [19]
| Fuel | CO2, kgCO2/Mg |
|---|---|
| Coal | 2 603 |
| Biomassa (wood) | 1 540 |
| RDF | 1 247 |
| MSW | 1 063 |