CFD Modelling of Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Coach

Agnieszka Palmowska; Izabela Sarna

doi:10.2478/acee-2022-0044

Figures & Tables

The numerical passenger coach model – geometry

The human model: side view (left) and axonometric view (right)

The comparison of the distribution of air parameters: speed, temperature, in the vertical plane YZ, X=2.55 m (Plane 1), a) summer, b) winter

The comparison of the distribution of air parameters: speed, temperature, in the horizontal plane YX, Z=−0.85 (Plane 3), a) summer, b) winter

The comparison of comfort zone in the vertical plane ZX, Y=−11.85 m (Plane 2), a) summer, b) winter

Location of monitoring points used to determine air parameters and thermal comfort indicators in the coach

Location of the monitoring axes used to determine thermal comfort for seated passengers

The comparison of the local distribution of air temperature for passengers, in the vertical plane YZ, X=2.55 m (Plane 1), a) summer, b) winter

Requirements of temperature parameters in the comfort zones [10]

Parameters	Quality limit 1	Quality limit 2
Range of mean interior temperature concerning the interior temperature setting	1 K	1.5 K
Horizontal range of the extreme interior air temperatures	2 K	2.8 K
Vertical range of the extreme interior air temperatures for seated passengers	3 K	5 K if the foot in the warmest point 3.5 K otherwise cases

Results of air parameters and thermal comfort indicators at monitoring points 1–36

Axis	Monitoring point	Summer						Winter
		metabolic rate = 1 metclothing insulation = 0.5 clo						metabolic rate = 1 metclothing insulation = 1.25 clo
		t_i	w	RH	PMV	PPD	DR	t_i	w	RH	PMV	PPD	DR
		°C	m/s	%	PMV	%	%	°C	m/s	%	PMV	%	%
1	1	24.5	0.13	54.7	1.9	72.0	6.3	24.8	0.13	39.2	0.4	8.5	6.3
	2	23.9	0.23	56.2	1.3	40.7	10.9	24.5	0.12	40.6	1.0	24.9	5.5
	3	21.8	0.04	60.6	0.3	7.2	0.0	21.9	0.16	45.9	0.6	12.8	9.8
2	4	24.8	0.15	56.2	0.9	22.9	6.8	24.8	0.10	38.9	0.5	9.8	4.7
	5	23.0	0.29	59.9	0.0	5.0	14.2	23.9	0.10	41.6	0.9	23.2	4.9
	6	23.6	0.18	57.6	0.4	7.9	9.5	22.8	0.06	43.5	0.9	21.3	2.4
3	7	24.9	0.11	53.6	2.1	82.8	4.8	25.0	0.13	39.0	0.4	8.7	6.0
	8	24.3	0.19	55.0	1.7	62.0	8.9	24.3	0.12	42.0	0.9	23.0	5.9
	9	21.8	0.11	59.1	0.4	8.7	6.3	23.0	0.08	43.0	1.0	24.9	3.8
4	10	24.9	0.11	58.2	1.3	42.9	4.8	24.7	0.17	40.4	0.4	7.9	7.8
	11	23.7	0.23	58.2	0.5	11.4	11.3	25.4	0.09	40.4	1.1	30.4	3.8
	12	23.5	0.24	57.3	0.2	6.3	11.8	22.6	0.05	44.8	0.9	22.9	0.6
5	13	24.7	0.13	54.1	2.0	78.7	6.1	24.3	0.20	39.5	0.3	6.5	9.2
	14	24.2	0.23	55.6	1.5	53.1	10.6	23.8	0.19	43.4	0.7	15.8	9.4
	15	22.2	0.03	59.7	0.5	10.0	0.0	22.3	0.13	45.2	0.6	12.8	7.8
6	16	24.6	0.16	56.5	1.0	24.8	7.8	24.7	0.13	39.6	0.4	8.5	5.9
	17	24.0	0.19	58.0	0.8	17.6	9.5	24.7	0.13	39.5	0.9	24.0	6.4
	18	23.8	0.20	57.0	0.4	7.8	9.8	21.9	0.12	45.8	0.7	15.5	7.0
7	19	24.3	0.10	55.8	2.0	78.4	5.0	24.6	0.14	39.6	0.4	7.7	6.6
	20	23.9	0.27	56.1	1.3	41.3	12.5	25.1	0.16	40.9	0.9	24.1	7.1
	21	19.7	0.03	66.8	−0.1	5.3	0.0	21.2	0.03	50.1	0.7	14.0	0.0
8	22	24.9	0.20	55.6	0.9	22.0	8.8	24.5	0.15	40.1	0.3	7.2	7.3
	23	23.7	0.18	58.7	0.7	14.7	9.4	24.1	0.11	42.6	0.9	22.8	5.5
	24	23.8	0.20	57.6	0.5	10.1	10.0	21.5	0.11	47.6	0.7	14.5	6.8
9	25	24.9	0.10	54.1	2.1	83.1	4.3	24.4	0.14	39.5	0.3	6.5	6.9
	26	24.4	0.16	55.4	1.9	70.5	7.8	24.6	0.15	41.7	0.8	19.0	7.3
	27	22.1	0.21	59.3	−0.1	5.1	12.1	21.6	0.04	47.5	0.7	14.1	0.0
10	28	24.6	0.14	56.4	1.1	28.5	6.9	24.3	0.18	40.2	0.2	6.0	8.6
	29	24.3	0.13	56.5	1.2	33.4	6.4	23.8	0.11	46.1	0.8	20.1	5.7
	30	22.7	0.32	60.2	−0.4	8.2	15.7	20.5	0.04	51.3	0.5	10.1	0.0
11	31	24.0	0.10	56.2	1.8	69.2	5.0	24.4	0.13	40.6	0.3	6.8	6.3
	32	23.6	0.25	56.9	1.2	34.1	12.2	23.3	0.10	42.3	0.7	16.5	5.1
	33	20.8	0.03	63.5	0.1	5.1	0.0	20.9	0.08	48.9	0.6	11.7	4.3
12	34	24.9	0.16	55.2	1.0	25.6	7.3	24.3	0.14	40.8	0.3	6.4	6.9
	35	24.1	0.15	57.2	0.9	20.7	7.7	24.6	0.14	43.3	0.8	19.5	6.5
	36	22.8	0.32	59.5	−0.4	7.6	15.6	20.8	0.04	52.1	0.5	11.0	0.0
Mean		23.7	0.17	57.5	0.9	31.2	7.9	23.6	0.12	43.3	0.6	15.0	5.5

Results of air parameters and thermal comfort indicators at monitoring points 1–12

Monitoring point	Summer					Winter
	metabolic rate = 1 metclothing insulation = 0.5 clo					metabolic rate = 1 metclothing insulation = 1.25 clo
	t_i	RH	PMV	PPD	DR	t_i	RH	PMV	PPD	DR
	°C	%		%	%	°C	%		%	%
1	24.7	54.7	1.8	66.9	8.3	23.5	42.1	−0.2	5.8	8.4
2	24.0	55.8	1.3	41.4	7.6	24.4	40.6	0.2	6.1	7.7
3	24.5	56.6	1.1	30.1	7.6	24.3	40.4	0.2	6.0	10.6
4	24.6	55.0	0.8	17.8	6.2	23.8	42.3	0.0	5.0	8.7
5	25.0	54.2	2.2	83.4	6.4	23.8	43.6	0.1	5.1	4.4
6	24.5	55.1	1.8	65.7	4.7	24.7	39.5	0.4	7.7	7.5
7	22.9	59.1	0.0	5.0	16.7	24.6	39.2	0.4	7.6	8.8
8	26.3	51.6	0.8	17.6	8.9	24.2	41.1	0.2	5.7	3.5
9	24.8	54.1	1.8	68.3	7.8	23.8	41.5	0.1	5.2	5.1
10	23.6	57.0	1.0	24.5	11.3	25.0	38.9	0.4	8.0	7.7
11	23.0	58.3	0.2	5.7	13.2	24.7	38.9	0.4	8.1	9.4
12	24.3	54.6	0.7	14.2	4.8	23.9	41.0	0.2	5.7	5.0
Mean	24.4	55.5	1.1	36.7	8.6	24.2	40.8	0.2	6.3	7.2

CFD Modelling of Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Coach

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Requirements of temperature parameters in the comfort zones [10]

Results of air parameters and thermal comfort indicators at monitoring points 1–36

Results of air parameters and thermal comfort indicators at monitoring points 1–12

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