References
- Zhou Q, Melton DA. Pancreas regeneration. Nature. 2018;557(7705):351-8; DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0088-0.
- Atkinson MA, Campbell-Thompson M, Kusmartseva I, Kaestner KH. Organisation of the human pancreas in health and in diabetes. Diabetologia. 2020;63(10):1966-73; DOI:10.1007/s00125-020-05203-7.
- Kerper N, Ashe S, Hebrok M. Pancreatic β-cell development and re-generation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2022;14(5):a040741; DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a040741.
- Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Bonner-Weir S. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration as a possible therapy for diabetes. Cell Metab. 2018;27(1):57-67; DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.007.
- Foster TP, Bruggeman B, Campbell-Thompson M, Atkinson MA, Haller MJ, Schatz DA. Exocrine pancreas dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(12):1505-13; DOI:10.4158/EP-2020-0295.
- Yau M, Maclaren NK, Sperling MA. Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. In: Feingold KR et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 20]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK498653/.
- Młynarska E, Czarnik W, Dzieża N, Jędraszak W, Majchrowicz G, Prusinowski F, Stabrawa M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: new pathogenetic mechanisms, treatment and the most important complications. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):1094; DOI:10.3390/ijms26031094.
- Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383(9911):69-82; DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60591-7.
- World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes/.
- DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Groop L, Henry RR, Herman WH, Holst JJ, Hu FB, Kahn CR, Raz I, Shulman GI, Simonson DC, Testa MA, Weiss R. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15019; DOI:10.1038/nrdp.2015.19.
- Krause M, De Vito G. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: commonalities, differences and the importance of exercise and nutrition. Nutrients. 2023;15(19):4279; DOI:10.3390/nu15194279.
- Vasavada RC, Dhawan S. Harnessing beta-cell replication: advancing molecular insights to regenerative therapies in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1612576; DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1612576.
- Li Y, Zhu J, Yue C, Song S, Tian L, Wang Y. Recent advances in pancreatic α-cell transdifferentiation for diabetes therapy. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1551372; DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1551372.
- Lang H, Lin N, Chen X, Xiang J, Zhang X, Kang C. Repressing miR-23a promotes the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells via negatifvely regulating SDF-1α. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0299821; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0299821.
- Hahm J, Thirunavukarasu B, Gadoo R, Andrade JAF, Dalton T, Arany E, Hill DJ. Alphato beta-cell transdifferentiation in neonatal compared with adult mouse pancreas in response to a modest reduction in beta-cells using streptozotocin. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(20):11152; DOI:10.3390/ijms252011152.
- Karakose E, Wang X, Wang P, Carcamo S, Demircioglu D, Lambertini L, Wood O, Kang R, Lu G, Scott DK, Garcia-Ocaña A, Argmann C, Sebra RP, Hasson D, Stewart AF. Cycling alpha cells in regenerative drug-treated human pancreatic islets may serve as key beta-cell progenitors. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5(12):101832; DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101832.
- MedlinePlus Genetics. DYRK1A gene [Internet]. Washington: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2017 [cited 2025 Sep 21]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/dyrk1a/.
- Rosselot C, Li Y, Wang P, Alvarsson A, Beliard K, Lu G, Kang R, Li R, Liu H, Gillespie V, Tzavaras N, Kumar K, DeVita RJ, Stewart AF, Stanley SA, Garcia-Ocan a A. Harmine and exendin-4 combination therapy safely expands human β-cell mass in vivo in a mouse xenograft system. Sci Transl Med. 2024;16(755):eadg3456; DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed. adg3456.
- Silvano S, Napolitano T, Plaisant M, Sousa-De-Veiga A, Fofo H, Ayachi C, Allegrini B, Rekima S, Pichery E, Becam J, Lepage V, Treins C, Etasse L, Tran L, The venet J, Pasquetti G, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Botti P, Arduini A, Mizrahi J, Charles B, Collombat P. RSPO1, a potent inducer of pancreatic β-cell neogenesis. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6(5):102126; DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102126.
- Álvarez-Cubela S, Altilio ID, Doke M, Klein D, Tamayo A, Alcázar Ó, Santana CG, Qadir MMF, Alver CG, Cruz F, Biggs O, Tovar Castro JD, Navarro-Rubio B, Ricordi C, Caicedo A, Buchwald P, Agarwal A, Oltra E, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration in situ by the ALK3 agonist THR-123. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):6121; DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-61534-2.
- Parsi P, Saharkhiz S, Farani MR, Bakhtiyari S, Alipourfard I. Drug-induced regeneration of pancreatic beta cells: an approach to cellular therapeutic targets. Cell Regen. 2025;14(1):39; DOI:10.1186/s13619-025-00255-9.
- Salib A, Cayabyab F, Yoshihara E. Stem cell-derived islets for type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9):5099; DOI:10.3390/ijms23095099.
- Ogieuhi IJ, Agbo CE, Ajekiigbe VO, Anthony CS, Onyehalu JC, Nwankwo CK, Agu MC, Lema K, Adewole OA, Asade O, Eniola SQ, Obiaghanwa OE, Jeyaraj SA, Bakare IS. Stem cell-derived pancreatic beta cells: a step closer to functional diabetes treatment? BMC Endocr Disord. 2025;25(1):181; DOI:10.1186/s12902-025-01997-y.
- Sali S, Azzam L, Jaro T, Ali AAG, Mardini A, Al-Dajani O, Khattak S, Butler AE, Azeez JM, Nandakumar M. A perfect islet: reviewing recent protocol developments and proposing strategies for stem cell-derived functional pancreatic islets. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025;16(1):160; DOI:10.1186/s13287-025-04293-7.
- Balboa D, Barsby T, Lithovius V, Saarimäki-Vire J, Omar-Hmeadi M, Dyachok O, Montaser H, Lund PE, Yang M, Ibrahim H, Näätänen A, Chandra V, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Kvist J, Ustinov J, Nieminen AI, Kuuluvainen E, Hietakangas V, Katajisto P, Lau J, Carlsson PO, Barg S, Tengholm A, Otonkoski T. Functional, metabolic and transcriptional maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(7):1042-55; DOI:10.1038/s41587-022-01219-z.
- Han EX, Wang J, Kural M, Jiang B, Leiby KL, Chowdhury N, Tellides G, Kibbey RG, Lawson JH, Niklason LE. Development of a bioartificial vascular pancreas. J Tissue Eng. 2021;12:20417314211027714; DOI:10.1177/20417314211027714.
- Kim JM, Park CG. Current status of pancreatic islet xenotransplantation. Clin Transplant Res. 2025;39(1):1-11; DOI:10.4285/ctr.24.0046.
- Berney T, Thaunat O, Berishvili E. Allogeneic islet transplantation: chronicle of a death foretold? Transpl Int. 2025;38:14598; DOI:10.3389/ti.2025.14598.
- Catarinella D, Festorazzi C, Caldara R, Piemonti L. Long-term follow--up of pancreatic islet transplantation in a patient with Wolfram syndrome: a case report. Acta Diabetol. 2025;62(7):1-5; DOI:10.1007/s00592-025-02558-4.
- Rech Tondin A, Lanzoni G. Islet cell replacement and regeneration for type 1 diabetes: current developments and future prospects. BioDrugs. 2025;39(2):261-80; DOI:10.1007/s40259-025-00703-7.
- Wang Q, Huang YX, Liu L, Zhao XH, Sun Y, Mao X, Li SW. Pancreatic islet transplantation: current advances and challenges. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1391504; DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1391504.
- Wong JM, Pepper AR. Status of islet transplantation and innovations to sustainable outcomes: novel sites, cell sources, and drug delivery strategies. Front Transplant. 2024;3:1485444; DOI:10.3389/frtra.2024.1485444.
- Scholl G, Justus L, Girotto OS, Pasqual K, Garcia MHH, Petronio FG, Moraes AF, Barbalho SM, Araújo AC, Laurindo LF, Camargo CP, Miglino MA. Assessing implantation sites for pancreatic islet cell transplantation: implications for type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment. Bioeng (Basel). 2025;12(5):499; DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12050499.
- Liu M, Deng H, Liu C, Wang L, Liao Z, Li D, Chen Y, Li J, Dong J, Sun X, Wang C, Huang L, Dong L, Xiao J. Islet transplantation in immunomodulatory nanoparticle-remodeled spleens. Sci Transl Med. 2025;17(799):eadj9615; DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.adj9615.
- Mu-U-Min RBA, Diane A, Allouch A, Al-Siddiqi HH. Immune evasion in stem cellbased diabetes therapy: current strategies and their application in clinical trials. Biomedicines. 2025;13(2):383; DOI:10.3390/biomedicines13020383.
- Miller J, Perrier Q, Rengaraj A, Bowlby J, Byers L, Peveri E, Jeong W, Ritchey T, Gambelli AM, Rossi A, Calafiore R, Tomei A, Orlando G, Asthana A. State of the art of bioengineering approaches in beta-cell replacement. Curr Transplant Rep. 2025;12(1):17; DOI:10.1007/s40472-025-00470-y.
- Rout S, Mishra PR, Balamurugan AN, Ravi PK. Islet dimension and its impact on transplant outcome: a systematic review. World J Transplant. 2025;15(3):102383; DOI:10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.102383.
- Bal T. Scaffold-free endocrine tissue engineering: role of islet organization and implications in type 1 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord. 2025;25(1):107; DOI:10.1186/s12902-025-01919-y.
- Stendahl JC, Kaufman DB, Stupp SI. Extracellular matrix in pancreatic islets: relevance to scaffold design and transplantation. Cell Transplant. 2009;18(1):1-12; DOI:10.3727/096368909788237195.
- Santos da Silva T, Silva-Júnior LND, Horvath-Pereira BO, Valba o MCM, Garcia MHH, Lopes JB, Reis CHB, Barreto RDSN, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Miglino MA. The role of the pancreatic extracellular matrix as a tissue engineering support for the bioartificial pancreas. Biomimetics (Basel). 2024;9(10):598; DOI:10.3390/biomimetics9100598.
- Huan Z, Li J, Luo Z, Yu Y, Li L. Hydrogel-encapsulated pancreatic islet cells as a promising strategy for diabetic cell therapy. Research (Wash DC). 2024;7:0403; DOI:10.34133/research.0403.
- Berger C, Glaser M, Ziegler AL, Neukel V, Walz F, Zdzieblo D. Generation of a pancreas-derived hydrogel for the culture of hiPSC-derived pancreatic endocrine cells. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):20653; DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-67327-9.
- Ma H, Xu J, Fang H, Su Y, Lu Y, Shu Y, Liu W, Li B, Cheng YY, Nie Y, Zhong Y, Song K. A capsule-based scaffold incorporating decellularized extracellular matrix and curcumin for islet beta-cell therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Biofabrication. 2024;16(4):1-12; DOI:10.1088/1758-5090/ad7907.
- Cai X, Zhang M, Zou J, Wang L, Zhan Y, Li D, Jiang T, Alim N, Liu Z, Yang J, Liu N, Liu T, Sun P, Ding X, Zhang B, Liu Z, Wang X, Liang R, Cai J, Gao J, Cao J, Wang S. A novel selfassembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel with glucagon-like peptide-1 functionality enhances islet survival to improve islet transplantation outcome in diabetes treatment. J Nanobiotechnol. 2024;22(1):792; DOI:10.1186/s12951-024-03072-5.
- Pliner L, Laneret N, Roudaut M, Mogrovejo-Valdivia A, Vandenhaute E, Maubon N, Toillon RA, Karrout Y, Treizebre A, Annicotte JS. Mechanical and functional characterisation of a 3D porous biomimetic extracellular matrix to study insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cell lines. In Vitro Model. 2024;3(4-6):205-18; DOI:10.1007/s44164-024-00078-z.
- Campo F, Neroni A, Pignatelli C, Pellegrini S, Marzinotto I, Valla L, Manenti F, Policardi M, Lampasona V, Piemonti L, Citro A. Bioengineering of a human iPSC-derived vascularized endocrine pancreas for type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6(2):101938; DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101938.
- Qi B, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Kou L, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Biomaterial-assisted strategies to improve islet graft revascularization and transplant outcomes. Biomater Sci. 2024;12(4):821-36; DOI:10.1039/d3bm01295f.
- Migliorini A, Nostro MC. Vascular and immune interactions in islet transplantation and 3D islet models. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024;88:102237; DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102237.
- Fonseca LM, Krause N, Lebreton F, Berishvili E. Recreating the endocrine niche: advances in bioengineering the pancreas. Artif Organs. 2025;49(4):541-55; DOI:10.1111/aor.14950.
- Abdalla MMI. Advancing diabetes management: exploring pancreatic beta-cell restoration’s potential and challenges. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(40):4339-53; DOI:10.3748/wjg.v30.i40.4339.
- Wang Y, McGarrigle J, Cook J, Rios P, Monica G, Chen Y, Wei W, Oberholzer J. The future of islet transplantation beyond the BLA approval: challenges and opportunities. Front Transplant. 2025;4:1522409; DOI:10.3389/frtra.2025.1522409.
- Hering BJ, Rickels MR, Bellin MD, Millman JR, Tomei AA, García AJ, Shirwan H, Stabler CL, Ma M, Yi P, Luo X, Tang Q, Ramachandran S, Oberholzer J, Ricordi C, Kieffer TJ, Shapiro AMJ. Advances in cell replacement therapies for diabetes. Diabetes. 2025;74(7):1068-77; DOI:10.2337/db25-0037.
- Piemonti L. The last mile in beta-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes: time to grow up. Transpl Int. 2025;38:14565; DOI:10.3389/ti.2025.14565.