Table 1.
Demographic data of the study population
| Variable | N (%)/Mean | Min–max | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 19 (45.2) | – | – |
| Female | 23 (54.8) | – | – |
| Age: mean age (years) | 61.8 | 35–85 | – |
| Tumor size (cm) | |||
| Overall | 2.8 | 0.7–9 | 0.214 |
| Endoscopic | 2.7 | 0.7–4.8 | – |
| Laparoscopic | 3.2 | 1.7–9 | – |
| Combined | 2.8 | 1.3–5.1 | – |
| Antiplatelet/anticoagulant usage | |||
| Antiplatelet use | 4 (9.5) | – | – |
| Anticoagulant use | 1 (2.4) | – | – |
| None | 37 (88.1) | – | – |
Table 2.
Operative techniques used in gastric SEL resection
| Surgical approach | N (%) |
|---|---|
| ER | |
| Total | 11 (26.2) |
| ESD | 5 |
| Hybrid ESD | 1 |
| STER | 2 |
| ESMR | 1 |
| OTSC with FTRD | 1 |
| EFTR | 1 |
| LR | |
| Total | 12 (28.6) |
| Wedge resection | 8 |
| Anatomical resection | 4 |
| LECS | |
| Total | 19 (45.2) |
| LECS | 16 |
| NEWS | 1 |
| CLEAN–NET | 2 |
[i] CLEAN–NET, combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique; EFTR, endoscopic full–thickness resection; ER, endoscopic resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESMR, endoscopic submucosal muscularis resection; FTRD, full-thickness resection device; LECS, laparoscopic– endoscopic cooperative surgery; LR, laparoscopic resection; NEWS, non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery; OTSC, over-the-scope clip; SEL, subepithelial lesion; STER, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection.
Table 3.
Surgical approach based on tumor growth pattern
| Tumor growth pattern | N (%) |
|---|---|
| ER | |
| Total | 11 (26.2) |
| Endophytic | 10 (91.0) |
| Exophytic | 1 (9.0) |
| LR | |
| Total | 12 (28.6) |
| Endophytic | 7 (58.3) |
| Exophytic | 5 (41.7) |
| LECS | |
| Total | 19 (45.2) |
| Endophytic | 16 (84.2) |
| Exophytic | 3 (15.8) |
Table 4.
Tumor location by surgical approach
| Tumor location | ER | LR | LECS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Esophagus | 3 | – | – |
| EGJ | – | – | 6 |
| Fundus | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Greater curvature | 2 | – | 5 |
| Lesser curvature | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Antrum | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Body | – | 1 | – |
Table 5.
Clinical outcomes by surgical approach
| Outcome | ER | LR | LECS | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Success rate | 10/11 (90.9%) | 11/12 (91.7%) | 19/19 (100%) | 40/42 (95.2%) | 0.438 |
| Complete resection | 5/11 (45.5%) | 12/12 (100%) | 16/19 (84.2%) | 33/42 (78.6%) | 0.033 |
| Operative time (h) | 3.6 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 0.880 | |
| Hospital stay (d) | 3.9 | 9.3 | 6.7 | 0.877 | |
| Complications | |||||
| Intraoperative perforation | 5/11 (45.5%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/19 (0%) | 5/42 (11.9%) | <0.001 |
| Leakage | 0/11 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/19 (0%) | 0/42 (0%) | |
| Delayed bleeding | 2/11 (18.2%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/19 (0%) | 2/42 (4.8%) | 0.052 |
| SSI | 0/11 (0%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 1/19 (5.3%) | 2/42 (4.8%) | 0.656 |
| Other complications | 0/11 (0%) | 2/12 (12.7%) | 1/19 (5.3%) | 3/42 (7.1%) | 0.289 |
| Hospital stay (d) | 3.9 | 9.3 | 6.7 | 0.877 |