Subgroup analysis of factors independently associated with CCA subtypes with reference to the control group
| Variables | Perihilar CCA (n = 19) | Intrahepatic CCA (n = 27) | Distal CCA (n = 11) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | |
| OV infection | 2.5 (0.9–6.8) | 0.383 | 2.2 (0.9–5.4) | 0.177 | 1.5 (0.4–5.3) | 0.575 |
| Smoking | 7.2 (2.3–22.4) | 0.001 | 6.4 (2.3–17.9) | <0.001 | 1.8 (0.3–9.6) | 0.587 |
| Alcohol | 36.9 (4.1–332.1) | <0.001 | 28.0 (3.3–240.8) | 0.002 | 8.0 (0.5–138.1) | 0.390 |
| Cirrhosis | 9.4 (0.8–109.8) | 0.251 | 10.0 (1.0–100.6) | 0.178 | NP | NP |
| Biliary tract disorder | 4.4 (0.3–74.5) | 0.169 | 18.2 (2.0–163.8) | 0.030 | 17.8 (1.5–216.0) | 0.025 |
Potential variables associated with CCA
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 1.0 (0.96–1.03) | 0.840 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.589 |
| Male gender | 2.1 (1.0–4.2) | 0.036 | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.729 |
| OV infection | 2.1 (1.1–4.3) | 0.031 | 1.8 (0.8–4.1) | 0.148 |
| Unhealthy lifestyles | ||||
| Smoking | 5.4 (2.3–12.9) | <0.001 | 3.8 (1.3–11.8) | 0.018 |
| Alcohol consumption | 26.0 (3.3–204.8) | <0.001 | 8.5 (0.9–77.6) | 0.058 |
| Conditions related to metabolic syndrome | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 1.00 | ND | ND |
| Obesity | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 1.00 | ND | ND |
| T2DM | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 1.00 | ND | ND |
| Chronic biliary tract disorders | 12.5 (1.5–98.0) | 0.017 | 12.7 (1.4–116.9) | 0.025 |
| Hepatolithiasis | 10.6 (1.3–86.8) | 0.026 | ND | ND |
| Chronic liver disease | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 0.616 | ND | ND |
| Cirrhosis | 7.7 (0.9–67.7) | 0.066 | 6.6 (0.6–77.2) | 0.135 |
| HBV infection | 0.8 (0.3–2.4) | 0.743 | ND | ND |
| HCV infection | 0.2 (0.02–1.9) | 0.171 | ND | ND |
| NAFLD | 2.2 (0.4–13.6) | 0.398 | ND | ND |
Baseline demographic characteristics
| Variables | Overall (n = 138) | CCA patients (n = 57) | Control participants (n = 81) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), year | 61.7 ± 10.0 | 61.5 ± 12.6 | 61.8 ± 7.7 | 0.841 |
| Male gender | 70 (50.7%) | 35 (65.7%) | 35 (44.6%) | 0.026 |
| Address | ||||
| Bangkok | 99 (71.7%) | 30 (52.6%) | 69 (85.2%) | <0.001 |
| East | 19 (13.8%) | 13 (22.8%) | 6 (7.4%) | 0.048 |
| West | 9 (6.5%) | 7 (12.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.034 |
| Other regions | 11 (8.0%) | 7 (12.3%) | 4 (5.0%) | 0.170 |
| BMI (mean ± SD), kg/m2 | 23.9 ± 3.6 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 0.765 |
| OV infection | 60 (43.5%) | 31 (57.1%) | 29 (36.1%) | 0.023 |
| Unhealthy lifestyles | ||||
| Smoking | 32 (23.3%) | 23 (40.4%) | 9 (11.1%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | 15 (10.9%) | 14 (24.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic biliary tract disorders | 10 (6.5%) | 8 (14.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatolithiasis | 9 (6.5%) | 7 (12.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.004 |
| Choledochal cyst | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.413 |
| Conditions related to metabolic syndrome | ||||
| Obesity | 51 (37.0%) | 21 (38.2%) | 30 (37.0%) | 1.00 |
| T2DM | 22 (15.9%) | 9 (15.8%) | 13 (16.0%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic liver diseases | ||||
| Cirrhosis | 6 (4.3%) | 5 (8.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.081 |
| HBV infection | 16 (11.6%) | 6 (10.5) | 10 (12.3%) | 0.482 |
| HCV infection | 7 (5.1%) | 1 (1.8%) | 6 (7.4%) | 0.136 |
| NAFLD | 5 (3.6%) | 3 (5.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.338 |
Association between OV infection and other parameters
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic biliary tract diseases | 1.0 (0.3–4.1) | 0.952 |
| Hepatolithiasis | 1.3 (0.3–5.5) | 0.702 |
| Cirrhosis | 0.2 (0.03–2.2) | 0.208 |