Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with Candida CRBSI and non-Candida CRBSI
This table compares demographic and clinical features of patients with Candida and bacterial catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI).
It includes variables like age, sex, underlying diseases, and catheter type.
No significant differences are found for most characteristics (e.g., age, cerebrovascular accidents, malignant tumors, acute leukemia).
| Characteristics | Candida CRBSI (n = 33) | Bacterial CRSBI (n = 264) | χ2/t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 20 (60.6%) | 177 (67.0%) | 0.545 | 0.461 | |
| Age, mean (year) | 67.79 ± 21.05 | 69.86 ± 18.07 | 0.544 | ||
| Underlying diseases, n (%) | |||||
| Cerebrovascular accidents | 12 (36.4%) | 131 (49.6%) | 2.065 | 0.151 | |
| Malignant tumors | 5 (15.2%) | 79 (29.9%) | 3.156 | 0.076 | |
| Acute leukemia | 7 (22.2%) | 91 (34.5%) | 2.332 | 0.127 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (9.09%) | 57 (21.6%) | 2.121 | 2.121 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (24.2%) | 89 (33.3%) | 1.912 | 0.167 | |
| Infectious shock | 13 (39.4%) | 135 (51.1%) | 1.618 | 0.203 | |
| Severe trauma | 3 (9.1%) | 59 (22.3%) | 3.121 | 0.077 | |
| Severe pancreatitis | 3 (9.1%) | 53 (20.1%) | 2.567 | 0.109 | |
| Diabetes | 13 (39.4%) | 143 (54.2%) | 2.567 | 0.109 | |
| Catheter type, n (%) | |||||
| Single-lumen CVC catheter | 14 (42.4%) | 155 (58.7%) | 3.173 | 0.075 | |
| Double-lumen CVC catheter | 11 (33.3%) | 59 (22.3%) | 0.151 | 0.698 | |
| Single-lumen PICC catheter | 8 (24.2%) | 99 (37.5%) | 2.237 | 0.135 | |
| Catheter retention site n (%) | |||||
| CVC | 25 (75.8%) | 175 (66.3%) | 1.196 | 0.274 | |
| Subclavian vein | 8 (32.0%) | 29 (16.6%) | 3.454 | 0.063 | |
| Internal jugular vein | 11 (44.0%) | 99 (56.6%) | 01.397 | 0.237 | |
| Femoral vein | 6 (24.0%) | 57 (32.6%) | 0.745 | 0.388 | |
| PICC | 8 (24.2%) | 89 (32.1%) | 1.054 | 0.305 | |
| Cubital vein | 5 (62.5%) | 67 (75.35%) | 0.627 | 0.429 | |
| Median cubital vein | 3 (37.5%) | 22 (24.7%) | 0.627 | 0.429 | |
Table 2.
Univariate analysis
This table shows the comparison of risk factors between Candida and bacterial infections.
Significant factors associated with Candida CRBSI include:
Parenteral nutrition (p < 0.001)
Catheter indwelling ≥ 14 days (p = 0.004)
MODS (p = 0.010)
Glucocorticoid use (p < 0.001)
Immunosuppressant use (p = 0.001)
Granulocytopenia (p = 0.002)
| Risk factor | Candida infection (n = 33) | Bacterial infection (n = 264) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 12 (36.4%) | 104 (39.4%) | 0.737 |
| Hospital stay >15 d (n, %) | 28 (84.8%) | 204 (77.3%) | 0.321 |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics (n, %) | 31 (93.9%) | 232 (87.9%) | 0.396* |
| Parenteral nutrition (n, %) | 30 (90.9%) | 104 (39.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Age >65 years (n, %) | 28 (84.8%) | 208 (78.8%) | 0.416 |
| Diabetes or hyperglycemia (n, %) | 18 (54.5%) | 113 (42.8%) | 0.200 |
| >4 underlying diseases (n, %) | 28 (84.8%) | 195 (73.9%) | 0.169 |
| Catheter indwelling ≥14 d (n, %) | 31 (93.9%) | 185 (70.1%) | 0.004 |
| Renal inadequacy (n, %) | 15 (45.5%) | 127 (48.1%) | 0.774 |
| MODS (n, %) | 14 (42.4%) | 58 (22.0%) | 0.010 |
| Glucocorticoids (>400 mg hydrocortisone/d; n, %) | 28 (84.8%) | 74 (28.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Immunosuppressant/chemoradiotherapy (n, %) | 12 (36.4%) | 37 (14.0%) | 0.001 |
| Granulocytopenia (n, %) | 8 (24.2%) | 16 (6.1%) | 0.002* |
| Major surgery (n, %) | 3 (9.1%) | 16 (6.1%) | 0.454* |
| Urinary catheterization (n, %) | 19 (57.6%) | 125 (47.3%) | 0.268 |
| Blood or albumin transfusion (n, %) | 32 (97.0%) | 228 (86.4%) | 0.096* |
Table 2.
Multivariate analysis
Identifies independent risk factors for Candida CRBSI.
Parenteral nutrition (OR 5.400, p = 0.0175) and glucocorticoid use (OR 10.313, p = 0.005) are significant.
Other variables like catheter indwelling time and immunosuppressant use are not significant.
| Risk factor | OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parenteral nutrition | 5.400 | 0.472–61.752 | 0.0175 |
| Time of catheter indwelling ≥14 d | 0.488 | 0.043–5.486 | 0.561 |
| Immunosuppressant/chemoradiotherapy | 0.800 | 0.188–3.401 | 0.763 |
| MODS | 0.346 | 0.100–1.198 | 0.094 |
| Glucocorticoids | 10.313 | 2.032–52.330 | 0.005 |
| Granulocytopenia | 2.625 | 0.670–10.280 | 0.166 |
Table 4.
Comparison of mortality between Candida CRBSI and Bacterial CRBSI
Mortality is significantly higher in Candida CRBSI (51.52%) compared to bacterial CRBSI (21.60%).
Chi-square value = 14.041, p = 0.001.
| Candida CRBSI (n = 33) | Bacterial CRBSI (n = 264) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of deaths (rates, %) | 17 (51.52) | 57 (21.60) | 14.041 | 0.001 |
Table 5.
Overall survival of patients with Candida CRBSI
Compares survival based on treatment timing (catheter removal and antifungal treatment).
Timely catheter removal + appropriate antifungal treatment has the best survival rate (88.89%).
Delayed catheter removal + inappropriate antifungal treatment has the worst outcome (0% survival).
Time for fever reduction and blood culture to turn negative is shorter with timely catheter removal and appropriate treatment.
| Fever reduction time (d) | Time for blood culture to turn negative (d) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timely catheter removal + appropriate antifungal treatment (n = 9) | 8 (88.89) | 1 (11.11) | 5.50 ± 2.27 | 4.38 ± 1.60 |
| Timely catheter removal + inappropriate antifungal treatment (n = 7) | 3 (42.86) | 4 (57.14) | 11.33 ± 1.53* | 10.33 ± 2.52# |
| Delayed catheter removal + appropriate antifungal treatment (n = 11) | 5 (45.45) | 6 (54.55) | 9.60 ± 2.41* | 8.80 ± 2.28# |
| Delayed catheter removal + inappropriate antifungal treatment (n = 6) | 0 | 6 (100.00) | ||
| Total numbers (n = 33) | 16 (48.48) | 17 (51.52) | 7.88 ± 3.26 | 6.88 ± 3.22 |